As a result of the researches carried out between 2005-2007 in The Natural Park Vanatori Neamt, we identified two association: Cytiso – Quercetum petraeae Paucă 1941 quercetosum dalechampii Chifu et al. 1995 and Corylo avellanae – Carpinetum quercetosum pedunculiflorae Chifu et Sârbu 2001. This article describes these associations by taking into consideration main aspects of chorology, ecology, physiognomy and floristic composition, biological forms, floristic elements, ecological indexes

DARABAN MIHAELA

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DARABAN MIHAELA  89 J. Plant Develop. 15 (2008): 89–98   CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF VEGETATION FROM THE NATURAL PARK VANATORI NEAMT  DARABAN MIHAELA ∗  Sumary:  As a result of the researches carried out between 2005-2007 in The Natural Park Vanatori Neamt, we identified two association: Cytiso – Quercetum petraeae Pauc 1941 quercetosum dalechampii Chifu et al. 1995 and Corylo avellanae – Carpinetum quercetosum pedunculiflorae Chifu et Sârbu 2001. This article describes these associations by taking into consideration main aspects of chorology, ecology, physiognomy and floristic composition, biological forms, floristic elements, ecological indexes.  Key words:  chorology, ecology, physiognomy and floristic composition, biological forms, floristic elements, ecological indexes.   Introduction  The results of the investigation developed between the years 2005-2007, as well as the existing literature data in the field, put into evidence the presence of two association Cytiso  – Quercetum petraeae Pauc 1941 quercetosum dalechampii Chifu et al. 1995 and Corylo avellanae – Carpinetum quercetosum pedunculiflorae Chifu et Sârbu 2001.  Material and method   The aspects of chorology, ecology, physiognomy and floristic composition, was made on the Vademecum ceno-structural privind covorul vegetal din România by V. Sanda (2002). [9] The establishment of the bioforms and floristical elements was made on the basis of Flora ilustrat a României. Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta, by V. Ciocârlan (2000). [1] The ecological indices were noted by H. Ellenberg (1974) Indicator values of vascular plants in Central Europe. [8]  Results and discussions  QUERCETEA ROBORI – PETRAEAE Br. – Bl. et R. Tx. 1943 Quercetalia roboris R. Tx. 1931 Genisto germanicae – Quercion Neuhäusel et Neuhäslova – Novotna 1967 Cytiso – Quercetum petraeae Pauc 1941 quercetosum dalechampii Chifu et al. 1995  Chorology: We can find this vegetal association in Neamt Mountains (Chifu T., tefan N., 1973) and in the reserve „Brass Wood” (Mititelu D.,1992, 1993).                                                  ∗ “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Carol I, 20 A, 700505 Iasi, Romania, e-mail :miha_daraban@yahoo.com CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF VEGETATION FROM THE NATURAL PARK VANATORI …  90 We identified sub-association quercetosum dalechampii, that covers a large area from Neamt Natural Park, never been found before. Ecology: The association Cytiso nigricantis–Quercetum petraeae Pauc 1941, met in hillock level is known as ,,durmast forests level”. This association met on slightly or strongly inclined surfaces and acid soils. Quercus dalechampii is a mediterranean element characteristic to oak tree forests submesophiles – thermophiles.  Table 1 Ass. Cytiso  – Quercetum petraeae Pauc 1941 quercetosum dalechampii Chifu et al. 1995 No. of survey 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 K Altitude (m.s.m.) 600 650 600 600 650 650 600 600 600  Exposition E SE E E S NE E E SE  Angle of slope (degrees) 25 20 25 20 20 40 25 40 30  Covering – the layer (%) 90 90 95 80 95 85 80 60 80  Covering – shrubs + sapling (%) 10 15 5 10 10 10 5 5 20  Covering – herbaceous layer (%) 5 10 5 5 5 20 5 10 5  Surface (m2) 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400  Charact. ass.           Cytisus nigricans - - + - - + + + - III Dif. subassoc           Quercus dalechampii 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 3 4 V Genisto germanicae - Quercion           Trifolium medium ssp. medium + + - + - - + + + IV Veronica chamaedrys - - + + - - + + - III Lathyrus niger + + + - - - - - - III Genista tinctoria + - + - - - - - - II Pino - Quercion           Vaccinium myrtillus - - + - - + - - - I Quercetalia roboris           Rosa canina + + + - + + + - - IV Calamagrostis arudinacea - - + - + + - + - III Luzula luzuloides - + + - - - + - - III Pteridium aquilinum - - + - - + - - + III Hieracium umbellatum - - + - - - - - - I Symphyto - Fagion           Acer pseudoplatanus + + + - + + + + - V Acer pseudoplatanus (juv.) - + + + - 1 + + + V Campanula persicifolia + + + - - + - - - III Lathyro hallersteinii - Carpinion           Galium schultesii - + + + + - + + + V Carpinus betulus (juv.) - - - 1 - + + + + III Cerasus avium + + + - + - - + + III Carpinus betulus - + - - - + + - - II Dactylis polygama + - - + - + - - - II Lathyrus venetus + - - + - - - - - II Lathyrus vernus + + - - - - + - - II DARABAN MIHAELA  91 Tilia cordata + - - + - - + - + II Fagus taurica + - + - - - - - - I Fagetalia sylvaticae           Galium odoratum + + + + + - + + + V Geranium robertianum + + + - + 1 + 1 + V Rubus hirtus + 1 + + 1 + + + - V Sanicula europaea + - - + + + + - + IV Campanula rapunculoides - + - + - + - - - III Hieracium murorum - - + + - + + + - III Scrophularia nodosa + + + - + - - - - III Carex sylvatica + - - - + - + - - II Alnion incanae et Alno - Fraxinetalia           Circaea lutetiana - + + + + - + - - III Stachys sylvatica - + - + + - - - - II Pyrus pyraster + - - - + - - - + II Querco - Fagetea           Dryopteris filix-mas + + + - + + + + + V Acer campestre - + + + + + + + - IV Mycelis muralis - - + + + + + - + IV Viola reichenbachiana + + - + + + + + - IV Geum urbanum + - + - + + - + - III Quercus petraea (juv.) - + + - - + + + - III Sedum maximum + + + - - + + - - III Poa nemoralis + + + - - + + - - III Quercus petraea - - - - - 1 1 + + II Cruciata glabra - + - - - + - + - II Quercetea pubescentis           Cornus mas - - + + - + - - 1 II Polygonatum odoratum + + + - - - - + - II Vaccinio - Piceetea           Juniperus communis - - + - - - - - - I Rhamno - Prunetea           Crataegus monogyna + - + + + + + + 1 V Evonymus europaeus + - - + + - - + - III Rubus sylvaticus 1 1 + + + + - - - III Clematis vitalba - + - + + - - - + II Rubus idaeus - + - + - - + - - II Epilobietea angustifolii           Fragaria vesca + - + - + + + + + V Galio - Urticetea           Urtica dioica - + - + + 1 + + + V Lapsana communis + + + - + - + - - III Variae syntaxa           Clinopodium vulgare + + + - - + - - - III Galeopsis tetrahit - + + - - + + - + III CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF VEGETATION FROM THE NATURAL PARK VANATORI …  92 Galeopsis speciosa - - + - - + + - - II Trifolium alpestre - - - - - + + - + II Alliaria petiolata - - - - - - - + + I Pinus sylvestris (juv.) - - - - - - - - + I Torilis arvensis + - - + - - - - - I Vincetoxicum hirudinaria - + + - - - - - - I Localization and date of surveys: Neamt Mountain: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 –  (21-08-2005); ,,Brass Wood”: 6, 7 - (28-08-2005); 8, 9 - (14-05-2006)  Physiognomy and floristic composition: The vegetation is relatively unitary from the viewpoint of physiognomy, Quercus dalechampii being the dominant specie. The analysis of the fitocenological table (Tab. I) reveals the species belongs to Class Querco – Fagetea, such as: Quercus petraea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Viola reichenbachiana, Dryopteris filix-mas, etc. Because the reserve is situated at 550-650 m high, (the upper limit of hillock), we can observe the beginning of an infiltration of typical mountain species: Rubus idaeus, Fagus taurica, Trifolium alpestre, Vaccinium myrtillus etc. The spectrum of the bioforms (Fig. 1) is outnumbered by the hemicryptophyte species (43%), followed by the phanerophyte species (33%). Geophyte species (11%) are represented by numerous vernal and estival species. We can notice in the analysis of the floristic elements distribution (Fig. 2) the dominance of the elements with a northern character: the Euroasian elements (35%), the European element (20%) and the Central-European elements (18%), resulting 73% of the total of species. Relatively well represented are the circumpolar elements (13%).              Fig. 1 – The spectrum of the bioforms             Fig. 2 – The spectrum of floristic elements of the association As. Cytiso – Quercetum petraeae Pauc 1941 quercetosum dalechampii Chifu et al. 1995  The analysis of the distribution of species according to the six ecological indexes (H.Ellenberg – L, T, K, F, R, N) [8], related the preferences of the species for different factors. Thus, we can draw the following conclusions: as far as the analysis of the preferences of the species for light, the best represented  are the ombrophile and semiombrophile species; the greatest proportion belongs to the thermophyles species; as far as the continentalism of the species who propagate in entire Central Europe; regarding the moisture content, the greatest proportion belongs to the category of mezoxerophile species; H.43%Ch.3%HT.2%Ph.33%T.8%G.11%H. Ph. G. T . Ch. HT.Euras.35%Eur. centr.18%Circ.13%Eur.20%Submed.2%Pont.5%Cosm.5%Medit.2%Euras. Eur. Eur. centr.Circ. Cosm. Submedit .Pont . Medit.DARABAN MIHAELA  93 from the distribution of the species according to their reaction to the soil, we deduce that the majority are euriphytes; regarding the distribution of the species in relation to the amount of nitrogen available in the soil, most of the species prefer soil pour of mineral nitrogen and the same percent are amfitolerantes (Fig. 3). [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9]  Fig. 3 – Distribution of the species in relation to the six ecological indexes (H. Ellenberg) of the association As. Cytiso  – Quercetum petraeae Pauc 1941 quercetosum dalechampii Chifu et al. 1995   QUERCO – FAGETEA Br. – Bl. et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937 Fagetalia sylvaticae (Pawlovski in Pawlovski 1928)  Lathyro hallersteinii – Carpinion  Galio schultesii – Carpinenion Tauber 1692 Corylo avellanae – Carpinetum quercetosum pedunculiflorae Chifu et Sârbu 2001  Chorology: In the studied area, the association Corylo avellanae – Carpinetum Chifu 1997 was known by different names: Querco robori – Carpinetum Soó et Pócs 1957; Evonymo nanae – Carpinetum aegopodietosum podagrariae Chifu 1995. This association  was identified by Chifu T., tefan N. (1973), on Brilenei Hill, Valea Ozanei and ,,Dumbrava Forest”. Later, was found by some authors in ,,Dumbrava Forest” (Burduja C., Chifu T., 1974), (Chifu T., 1995) i (Mititelu D., 1992). On the occasion of vegetation research made in Vanatori Neamt Park, we found a new sub association: quercetosum pedunculiflora. Ecology: This association met on plain or slightly inclined surfaces. Quercus pedunculiflora is rarely met in south and north forests of Moldova. This specie likes warm weather, presents resistance of drought, soil and atmosphere dryness. In Moldova, Coryllus avellana is a habitual shrub element of forests belongs to hillock and mountain lower level. Physiognomy and floristic composition: The layer is represented by Quercus pedunculiflora, Carpinus betulus, Pirus pyraster. The shrubs and sapling is composed by Cornus sanguinea,  Crataegus monogyna etc, the herbaceous layer being represented by forest species like: Polygonatum latifolium,  Brachypodium sylvaticum, Mycelis muralis, Sanicula europaea etc. (Tab. 2) The spectrum of the bioforms (Fig. 4) is outnumbered by the hemicryptophyte species (47%), followed by the phanerophyte species (28%). Geophyte species (16%) are well represented. The analysis of the distribution of the floristic elements (Fig. 5), the 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%LTCURNX 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF VEGETATION FROM THE NATURAL PARK VANATORI …  94 dominance of the elements with a northern character: the Euroasian elements (45%), the European element (25%) and the Central-European elements.The analysis of the distribution of species according to the six ecological indexes [8], we can draw the following conclusions: as far as the analysis of the preferences of the species for light, the best represented are semiombrophile species; the greatest proportion belongs to the thermophyles species; as far as the continentalism of the species who propagates in entire Central Europe; the greatest proportion belongs to the category of mezoxerophile species; from the distribution of the species according to their reaction to the soil, we deduce that the majority are neutrophile species; regarding the distribution of the species in relation to the amount of nitrogen available in the soil, the category of the nitrophile species has the greatest proportion, and the same percent are amfitolerantes (Fig. 6). [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9]  Table 2 As. Corylo avellanae – Carpinetum quercetosum pedunculiflorae Chifu 1997 No. of survey 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 K Altitude (m.s.m.) 450 500 550 500 450 450 450 500 500 500 500 500  Exposition S S S S NE S SE E NE E NV V  Angle of slope (degrees) - - 5 5 5 - - - - - - -  Covering – the layer (%) 60 85 50 60 60 50 50 50 60 55 55 60  Covering – shrubs + sapling (%) 20 25 35 35 20 10 5 25 10 10 5 20  Covering – herbaceous layer (%) 40 25 10 10 20 35 55 80 65 45 50 20  Surface (m2) 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400  Charact ass.               Coryllus avelana 1 + - 1 1 1 + 2 1 + + + V Dif. subassoc.              Quercus pedunculiflora 3 3 2 3 3 1 2 1 3 2 1 + V Alno - Fraxinetalia              Aegopodium podagraria 1 + + - + - - - + 1 + + V Sambucus nigra + + + + - 1 + 1 + + + + V Geranium phaeum + - + + - + - - + + + + V Stachys sylvatica + + + + + - - - + + + + V Impatiens noli-tangere - - + + + - - - + + + + IV Circaea lutetiana - - + + + - - - + + + - IV Glechoma hederacea 1 + + - + + - - + + + +  Galio schultesii - Carpinenion              Carpinus betulus 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 V DARABAN MIHAELA  95 Carpinus betulus (juv.) 1 2 2 2 1 + + + + + + 1 V Glechoma hirsuta - - + - + + + - + + + + IV Galium schultesii - - + + + - - - + + + + IV Cerasus avium + - - + - - - - + + + - III Campanula trachelium - - + - + - - - + + - + III Ranunculus cassubicus - + - + - - - - + - - - I Symphyto cordati - Fagion              Acer pseudoplatanus + - + + + + + - + + + + V Abies alba + - + - + + + - + + - - IV Abies alba (juv.) + + - - - - + - - - + - III Epipactis helleborine - - - + - - - - - - - - I Fagetalia         -      Sanicula europaea + + - + + + + + + + + + V Galium odoratum + + - + + + - - + 1 + + V Mercurialis perennis 2 2 - 1 + 2 + 2 3 + 3 1 V Carex sylvatica + + + + + - - - + + - - IV Salvia glutinosa + - + - + - - - + + + + IV Fagus sylvatica + 1 + - - + + - + + - - III Asarum europaeum + + - - - - - - + + + + III Arum orientale + - - - - + + + - - - - II Rubus hirtus - - - + + - - - + + - - II Anemone ranunculoides - - - - - + + 2 - - - - I Corydalis solida - - - - - + 1 1 - - - - I Querco - Fagetea              Geum urbanum + + - + 1 + + - + + + + V Viola reichenbachiana + + + + 1 - - - + 1 + + V Acer campestre + + + + + + + 1 - - + 1 V Acer campestre (juv.) + + + - - + + + + + - 1 V Fraxinus excelsior + + + + - + - - - + + - IV Geranium robertianum + - + + + - - - + + + + IV Dryopteris filix-mas - + + + + + - - + - - + IV Ajuga reptans + - + + + - - - + + + + IV Brachypodium sylvaticum - - + + + - - - + + + + IV Polygonatum latifolium + + - - - + + + + - - - III CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF VEGETATION FROM THE NATURAL PARK VANATORI …  96 Mycelis muralis - - - + + - - - + + + + III Lapsana communis - - - + + + - - + + - - III Fragaria vesca - -  + + - - - + + + - III Cornus mas + - - - + + - - + + + - III Quercus robur + - + + - + - - + + - - III Scrophularia nodosa - - - + + - - - + + - - II Acer platanoides + - - - + + - - + - - - II Convallaria majalis - + - - - - - - - - - - I Cruciata glabra - - + - - - - - + + - - I Ranunculus ficaria ssp.bulbifer - - - - - + 3 2 - - - - I Paris quadrifolia - - - - - + + + - - - - I Rhamno -Prunetea              Cornus sanguinea - + - + + + - - + + + + IV Crataegus monogyna - + - + + + - - + 1 - - III Rubus silvaticus - - 1 + - - - - - - - - I Pyrus  pyraster + - - + - - - - - - - - I Ribes uva-crispa - + - - - - - - - - - - I Variae syntaxa              Urtica dioica + + 1 + + + + + 2 2 + 1 V Alliaria petiolata + + + + - + + + + - - - IV Galeopsis speciosa + - + - + - - - + + + + III Polygonatum verticillatum - - - + - + + + - - - - II Ajuga genevensis - - - - - + + + - - - - I Localization and date of surveys: Dumbrava Forest: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - (21-08-2005); 6, 7, 8 - (22-04-2006); 9, 10, 11, 12 - (29-07-2006).             DARABAN MIHAELA  97      Fig. 4 – The spectrum of the bioforms  Fig. 5 – The spectrum of floristic elements of the association As. Corylo avellanae – Carpinetum quercetosum pedunculiflorae Chifu 1997  Fig. 6 – Distribution of the species in relation to the six ecological indexes (H. Ellenberg) of the association As. Corylo avellanae – Carpinetum quercetosum pedunculiflorae Chifu 1997  Conclusions  - On the occasion of vegetation research made in Vanatori Neamt Park, we identified two association Cytiso  – Quercetum petraeae Pauc 1941 quercetosum dalechampii Chifu et al. 1995 in Neamt Mountains  and „Brass Wood” and Corylo avellanae – Carpinetum quercetosum pedunculiflorae Chifu et Sârbu 2001, in „Dumbrava Forest”. - Most of bioforms are represented by hemicryptophytes (H)- - The Eurasiatic elements are majoritary among floristic elements. - The analysis of the distribution of species according to the six ecological indexes Ellenberg – L, T, K, F, R, N) we can draw the following conclusions: In As. Cytiso  – Quercetum petraeae Pauc 1941 quercetosum dalechampii Chifu et al. 1995 the best represented  are the ombrophile and semiombrophile species, thermophyles who propagate in entire Central Europe, mezoxerophile and most of the species prefer soil pour of mineral nitrogen and the same percent are amfitolerantes. In ass. Corylo avellanae – Carpinetum quercetosum pedunculiflorae Chifu 1997, the best represented  are semiombrophile species, the greatest proportion belongs to the thermophyles species who propagates in entire Central Europe, mezoxerophile, neutrophile and nitrophiles.  H.47%Ch.1%HT.1%Ph.28%T.7%G.16%H. Ph. G. T. Ch. HT.Euras45%Centr eur at l1%Cosm4%Pont7%Submedit1%Eur25%Circ4%Eur centr13%Euras Eur Eur centrCirc Cosm SubmeditPont Centr eur at l0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%LTCURNx 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF VEGETATION FROM THE NATURAL PARK VANATORI …  98 References  1. CIOCÂRLAN V, 2000 – Flora ilustrat a României – Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta, Edit. Ceres, Bucureti. 2. BURDUJA C., CHIFU T., 1974 – Flora i vegetaia pdurii Dumbrava, Vântori-Neam, St. Cerc. ti. Geol.-Geogr.-Biol., Bot.-Zool., Muz. t. Nat. Piatra Neam, sec. II: 161-172. 3. CHIFU T., MITITELU D., DSCLESCU D., 1987 – Flora i vegetaia Judeului Neam, Mem. Sec. ti. Acad. Rom., X, 1: 281-302. 4. CHIFU T., 1972 – Cercetri micocenologice în asociaia Abietetum dacicum din Depresiunea Neamului, Stud. Com., Muz. ti. Nat. Dorohoi (Botoani): 57-66. 5. CHIFU T., 1972 – Cercetri micocenologice în asociaia Abieti-Fagetum din Depresiunea Neamului, Lucr. ti. Inst. Pedag. Constana: 167-173. 6. CHIFU T., 1972 – Cercetri micocenologice în asociaia Querco petraea-Carpinetum din Depresiunea Neamului, St. com. Muz. t. Nat. Bacu : 35-46 pp. 7. CHIFU T., 1973 – Cercetri micocenologice în asociaia Carpino-Fagetum din Depresiunea Neamului, St. cerc. t. Inst. Pedag. Bacu: 73-82. 8. ELLENBERG H., 1974 – Indicator values of vascular plants in Central Europe, Göttingen, 9: 7- 97. 9. SANDA V., 2002 – Vademecum ceno-structural privind covorul vegetal din România, Edit. Vergiliu, Bucureti: 104 – 123, 206 – 210.  

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF VEGETATION FROM THE NATURAL PARK VANATORI NEAMT

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CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF VEGETATION FROM THE NATURAL PARK VANATORI NEAMT

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