Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma experimental models

Abstract

Cancer research on animals is an important complement to clinical investigations. Particularly, the use of animal models in researches on urinary tract cancer has a primary role in demonstrating that carcinogenesis is a multiple-stage process. These models are used to induce tumors in order to analyze the development of immunity, chemotherapy, and new techniques. This article discusses the role of animal models using rodents in urothelial carcinoma, the validity of animal models in carcinogen-induced tumors, the primary animal models available of transitional cell carcinoma and carcinoma of the upper urinary tract, and the advantages and disadvantages of the main experimental models in use