Survei Titer Anti Bodi Anak Sekolah Usia 6--17 Tahun di Daerah Klb Difteri dan Non Klb di Indonesia

Abstract

Diphtheriae is an reemerging infectious disease widespread in the world. Bacterial infection of Corynebacterium diphtheria usually not invasive, but the bacteria can produce toxins that cause pathological effects on the heart muscle and other organs, and a 10-17% death-risk was occurred. Diphtheriae can be prevented by immunization. Immunizations are given to infants at the age of 0-11 months and procead to booster for pupils at Elementary School. The imunization program at school is a routinely cunducted. Such program held annualy on certain month that called as BIAS pupils immunization month . To examine antibody titer of diphtheriae, research for sero survey titer antibody titer of diphtheriae was conducted on pupils between 6 and 17 years old at outbreak areas and non outbreak area.The research started in May 2010 and finished in Desember 2010. The aim of the research was to measure the antibody titer in area of outbreak and non outbreak of school children. Design was case control study. Sera of the respondens were axamined by Elisa for detecting antibody titers against diphtheriae. The study awarded ethical clearence from Research Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Health Research and Developmnent. Number of sample cases were 225 samples and 225 control. Analysis of the data by using the soft ware (SPSS 16.00). The result of this research were respondens who lived in the outbreak area with risk of dipthteriae infection of 2,3 times than respondens who lived in the non outbreak area. The immunization of diphthteriae more important for antibody titers.Keywords: Antibody titer diphtheriae, outbreak areaAbstrakDifteria adalah penyakit infeksi Reemerging tersebar luas di dunia. Infeksi kuman Corynebacterium diphtheria biasanya tidak invasif, tetapi kuman dapat memproduksi toksin yang dapat menimbulkan efek patologis pada otot jantung dan organ lain, dan berisiko terjadi kematian (10-17%). Difteri dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi. Imunisasi diberikan pada saat bayi umur 0-11 bulan sebanyak tiga kali dan imunisasi lanjutan (booster), yakni imunisasi satu kali pada anak usia sekolah kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar yang dilaksanakan pada Bulan Imunisasi AnakSekolah. Untuk mengetahui adanya titer antibodi difteri maka dilakukan penelitian serosurvei titer antibodi terhadap difteri pada anak sekolah usia 6 tahun sampai 17 tahun. Penelitian ini membandingkan titer antibodi anti difteri pada anak di daerah yang melaporkan adanya kasus difteri dan tidak ada kasus difteri.Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2010 sampai Desember 2010. Penelitian untuk mengukur titer antibodi anak sekolah di daerah kasus dan bukan daerah kasus. Penelitian merupakan kasus kontrol yang dipadankan. Sampel berupa serum responden yang diperiksa titer antibodi terhadap difteri. Pemeriksaan titer antibodi dengan cara Elisa, (Enzyme Imunosorben assay) Penelitian mendapatkan izin etik dari Komisi Etik Badan Litbang Kesehatan. Jumlah sampel kasus sebanyak 225 sampel dan kontrol 225 sampel. Analisis data dengan menggunakan soft ware (SPSS16.00). Responden yang tinggal di daerah kasus berisiko terinfeksi 2,3 kali lebih besar dibandingkan responden yang tinggal di daerah bukan kasus. Imunisasi penting dilakukan untuk pembentukan kekebalan dalam tubuh.Kata kunci : Titer antibodi difetri, Daerah Kasus Luar Biasa (KLB