Dougherty, G. M.

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Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Proceedings of the Short Course for Seedsmen MAFES (Mississippi Agricultural and Foresty Experiment Station) 4-1-1969 Processing Soybeans for Better Quality G. M. Dougherty Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/seedsmen-short-course Recommended Citation Dougherty, G. M., "Processing Soybeans for Better Quality" (1969). Proceedings of the Short Course for Seedsmen. 210. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/seedsmen-short-course/210 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the MAFES (Mississippi Agricultural and Foresty Experiment Station) at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Short Course for Seedsmen by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact scholcomm@msstate.libanswers.com. • • • 39 Processing Soybeans for Better Quality George M . Dougherty.ll Processing soybeans for better quality requires that the processor r~cognize that a completely equipped processing facility can, at best, only imporve the quality of a seed-lot that is received for processing. The heights to which seed quality can be improved through processing is dependent on several factors, among which are: the processing equipment available, and how it is used; and perhaps of even greater importance the quality of the seed as it is received for processing. High quality seed, that is seed characterized as being vigorous, viable, genetically and mechanically pure, and uniform in attractiveness, is not solely the product of a processing plant; it receives its start in life in the seed field . High quality production control standards do, therefore, become an essential ingredient in the processing of quality seed; these sta ndards must necessarily be higher than those considered average for the industry. The standards adopted must take into consider-ation the capabilities of the processors processing operation. Processing soybeans for high quality seed is not particuJ.arly difficult provided the crop has met relatively high minimum field standards, and provided pre-processing handling practices have been such as to ..!/ Mr . Dougherty is Assistant Agronomist, Seed Technology Laboratory, Mississippi State University . 40 prevent the occurre hce of contamination or excessive mechanical injury. • GeneraLly, good, uniform, quality seed-lot of soybeans can be processed into a high quality product using only an air-screen cleaner and spiral separators, provided the limitations of each of these machines is not exceeded . The initial, or basic, cleaning or processing operation is perform-ed on the air-screen cleaner. Air-screen cleaners are not all alike, and each has its own limitations. Selection of a cleaner should not be based solely on its cleaning capacity. In selecting a cleaner the processor's primary concern should be in determining the machines performa nee ca pa-bilities and its limitations . For example, a cleaner equipped with a smgle air system has built- in limitations not usually found in cleaners • equipped with two air systems. Likewise, a 2-screen cleaner has limi-tations not encountered in a conventional 4-screen seed cleaner. For the processing of high quality soybeans it is almost necessary that cleaners have two air systems and be of the conventional 3-or 4-screen type The "cleaned" seed product from the air-screen cleaner should be a saleable product . It will generally, however, lack the uniformity in appeara nee associated with high quality seed. Enhancement of the appearance of the beans is accomplished on s p1ra L separators. These machines will separate the non-spherical shaped particles from the spherical shaped soybeans, thus producing a product any seedsman can sell with pride . Spiral separators are easy to • • • • 41 operate and relatively inexpensive, but they are low capacity machines . For the cleaning of high quality beans capacities of a single 2-spiral unit range between 25 and 35 bushels per hour. To obtain greater capa-cities, additional machines · are required. A very effective and efficient arrangement of spiral separators in a soybean processing plant is shown in figure 1. The multiple units pictured, are arranged, .side by side, in two "banks" or rows . The two rows are separated by a walk-way which provides the operator access to each unit . Figure 1. Spiral Separator installation in a Wilson, Arkansas, Soybean Processing Plant . SEED :i£P48.4 [/Qti_ ":*I NrCD .,. I P • PRIMARY APf>I. ICAT:/0/11, SEPARATION OR RESIILT CADSDCII t:ollllrt" r1M~S Sr 1- It: TION _<;FPARATION OR RE.~iT QllltiCI'. FLDII/11.1 APPLiCATIONS "Ef'.ARATIONS BASED CIN CJlARACTER ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ CHANGE MACHI NES ... ~ SEPARATIONS BY .I! ~ ~~ ~ \t ~ ~ ~ I~ § ~~ ~ 1., ~ ~ ~ ~ ;i ~ ~ ~~ I> :e ~ ~ () ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ "' ~· .... ;:; ~ SCAL PER p SHAI(!Nfi OR ROTAT!N(; fR£ELJ SCREEN(SJ. SOI>IETIMES WTTH p ASPIRATION ASPIRATOR p p AIR FLOTATION BASED ON TERMifo/AL VELOCITY s ~ p PP •" IEIIMATIC SEPARATOR PP !IIR FLOTATION BASED ON TERMINAL VELOCITY s s p p p SCPECN AlP ASPIRAT!Ofol /J SHAKING OR ~~r~s 'ATrl' SP PS ROTAT/Nfi (REEL/ SCREEN/$) s p p 5 s s - r ;.~,:cHifo!C SHAKING OR ROTATING (REEL) .SCREEN (;1/A OCR SP SCREEN p p s DISC S£PARAT0ff pp ROTATING INDENTED DISCS p /II/DENT t YL I N0!'/1 P P ROTATING 1/VDENr£0 C't'LINO£R p PAIRS OF COIINTER-ROTATINC. ROLL SEPAl/ATOP p FABRIC COVERED ROLLS s p BU T ( ORIIPERI INCLINEO. MOV1NG FABRIC B£LT; 5 cPA RATOR p ~0/IIETIMES CANTED, p s SOMETIME'S VIBRATED AIR I'I.OTATION BASED ON ~""' GRAVITY TABLE P S SPECIFIC GRAV/T'r ANO, OR s s s PP TERMINAL VELOCIT~ STONER p AIR I'I.OTATION BASED ON SPECIFIC GltAV/TY AND, OR TERMINAL VELOCITY s s s p p BII¥~P MfLL p INCLINED 6 CANTED, Bl!MPIN6; SOLID. I'EXTIIREO DECK p p s VIBRATING TEXT7.1RED p INCLINED 6 CAN TEO. V1BRATTNd: p p s D£CK SOLID, TEKTIIRED DECK SPIRAL GRAVITY ~LINED, SPIRALED p s SEPARATOR p 'RFACE p HORIZONTAL DISC RDTATIN(; HORIZONTAL DISCS SEPARATOR p 6 STA710NAR'I' PLOWS p p s FREELY viBRATING, SPACED 'NEEDLE SCREEN p F/NfiERS IGRIZZL£YI 5' p PHOTO SEPARATOR p PHOTO-ELECTRIC CELL p MAGNETIC CONCENTRATED MAfiNETIC •rcll. p FIELD p -.SEP!IRATOR ,,.,, • ELECTRO-STATIC p SEPARATOR HIGH TENSION ELECTRIC FIELD LL.,CT/1-p ICAI. --HARD, INCLINED SURFACE f,D RESILIENCY .p SEPI'RATOR • • eRit::LC..t?I..£S. .l tfft.LIAM D. Mfl~. Sll-COI"Y~ IHI AND 16U ;(lii0Jt.tit.4~FLOM(JA R-UI. IJ$A s:Jl:~N i COMMENTS ~ 1i ~s ~ i:: ~ ~-~ ~~  p 'fjg?§AlfJ,Tf~~'liNftG n:io'f."'ffflol'"lJ'/.1&ft~T INCREASES CAPACIT'I' OF FOLLOWTNfi MACHINES. LARGE p p C4PACITY 011 ROIIfiH ~EANINfi, LOW CAPACITY ON CLOSE CLEANINfi p p DUSTIER THAN ASPIRATOR, OTHERWISE THE SA/tiE p p s BASIC SEED CLEANINfi MACHINE, Bl!T SOME' SEPARATIONS fo/OT POSSIBLE s p p CLOSE SIZINfi BY WIDTH /J T/f/CKfo/ESS. SHAPE SEPARATIONS DEPeND ON THIS p s p LENGTH SEPARATIONS ONL'r, LOW CAPACITY p s p LENGTH S£P4RAT/ONS ONL'r, FAIR CAPACIT'I' SPECIALIZ£0 Af'PI./CATION$, LOW CAPACITY p p s SPEr:I!ILI.lEO APPL ICATIONS, LOW CiiPACITY SPCCIAL/ZEO APPL/CAT70NS. REAS()NABL£ SKILL f p p s fflOPCR INSTALLATION RE{)(IIR£0, PEASOIIABLE CAPACITY p s SPECIALIZED API't.ICA Tf()N$. SENSATIVE TO FEE"D, 'fo~gNg},fc~!tL 6 I'ROPCRINSTALLATIDN REQ.IIR£0, VERY SF£CIALI.lED APFti CATfONS. VERY LOW CAFMCtrr p SPECIALIZED APPI.. ICATIONS, LOW CARACITY p p s SPECIALIZED APPLICATIONS. LOWCAPACITY />lORE F1..£)(T8LE 6 ltiOR£ CAFJICITY nfAN SPIRAL p s GRAVITY SEPARATOR SCIICENS ARC SEl.F-CLEANI/IIGr fiOOO CAPACITY p s p p s HIGH FRST COST; HIGH SKTLL REOlHIICO. L/AH TED ro C«<JH SEPARATIONS ONLY, LOW CAPACITY p p 1't/t/'J'Jf,~jS,_'b:~~f:tJ·,_'iE0UIIICO. SPECIALIZED p HIGH FIRST COST; HIGH ·Sif~:t~l~~~~~.~.:.:NSA71VE YO AIR '!#ff/!;/GJX:PPLBIOrfiONs. L!,fEc,.wJ[..,.t.fll£ OF BOTH. p 'SPECIALIZED AP!'t.ICA noNS, VERY LOW CAA4CITY ---' • ~ N 

Processing Soybeans for Better Quality

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Processing Soybeans for Better Quality

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