Wetzel, C. T.

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Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Proceedings of the Short Course for Seedsmen MAFES (Mississippi Agricultural and Foresty Experiment Station) 4-1-1975 Soybean Seed Size and Plant Performance C. T. Wetzel Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/seedsmen-short-course Recommended Citation Wetzel, C. T., "Soybean Seed Size and Plant Performance" (1975). Proceedings of the Short Course for Seedsmen. 289. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/seedsmen-short-course/289 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the MAFES (Mississippi Agricultural and Foresty Experiment Station) at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Short Course for Seedsmen by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact scholcomm@msstate.libanswers.com. Soybean Seed Size and Plant Performance Clovis T. Wetzel 1! 95 We made a study using seed from three near-isogenic lines of soy-beans differing genetically in average seed diameter to study relation-ships between seed size, physiological quality, and field performance. Seed from each line were sized into classes differing by 0.4mm (1/64-inch) i n diameter. The size ranges are shown in Table 1. In the laboratory, seed-size responses to different quality tests were evaluated. Seed of larger size classes exhibited signifi cantly better viability t han those of smaller size classes . Evaluations of vigor indicated that seed of the mean size class and larger did not dif-fer significantly. However, seed more than two size cl asses smaller than the mean were significantl* lower in vigor than the most vigorous seed of the lot regardless of t e mean diameter or average weight/100 seed of the line. This can be visualized by observing the results pre-sented in Table 2. Results of the laboratory tests provided a good basis for predict-ing speed of emergence and stand establishment capabilities of seed of various size classes within each line. However, comparisons among lines were valid only when seed size was based upon its relation to seed of the mean size of each lot. This point may be clarified by looking at the data in Table 3. There were no differences in the vigor ratings of seed taken from the mean size class of each lot; however, when seed of 13/64-inch diameter from each lot are compared there was a great dif-ference in their vigor ratings. Growth factors studied in the f ield were seedling dry weight, leaf-lets per plant, plant stand, plant height, lodging and yield. A variety yield trial revealed the medium seeded variety had a slightly better yield capability than either the large or small seeded varieties. The yields of the three lines when sub-divided into relative size classes are presented in Table 4. There were no significant differences in the yields of pure stands of the mean size class or among plots plan-ted with seed 2/64-inch larger than the mean. On the other hand, pure stands of seed 2/64-inch smaller than the mean produced significantly l ess than the mean in the large and small lines. Also note that the seed from the small line that weighed 10 gm/100 seed yiel ded just as well as those from the large line which weighed 25gm/100 seed and more than those which weighed 14gm/100 seed. This is another indication that specific seed size assumes importance only when the size characteristics of the lot are described. 11 Mr. Wetzel is a Ph.D. candidate in Agronomy-Seed Technology at Mississippi State University. Dr. H. C. Potts is his major professor . 1.0 ~ Table 1. Seed size class distribution by percent and 100 seed weights for three lines of soybeans. CLASS LARGE-SEEDED LINE MEDIUM-SEEDED LINE SMALL-SEEDED LINE Desig- SEED DIAMETER Proportion 100- Proportion 100- Proportion 100-nation of lot seed of lot seed of lot seed (inch) (mn) (%) (g) (%) (g) (%) (g) 21 21/64 8.33 0.50 30.42 00 - 00 20 20/64 7.94 3.00 28.53 00 - 00 19 19/64 7.54 17.43 25.65 00 - 00 18 18/64 7.14 26.82 22.68 1.15 20.65 00 17 17/64 6.75 22.78 19.25 8.60 17.98 0.33 18.37 16 16/64 6.35 15.78 17.38 27.55 14.85 4.41 ' 15.25 15 15/64 5.95 7.93 14.88 33.67 13.52 17.73 12.83 14 14/64 5.56 3.80 11.45 20.21 11.12 37.04 10.17 13 13/64 5.16 1.23 7. 77 6.05 9.45 26.12 8.50 12 12/64 4.76 0.50 4.22 2.01 7.50 10.98 6.88 11 11/64 4.37 0.19 3.43 0.55 5. 07 2.74 5.28 10 10/64 3.97 0.05 2.52 0.18 3.55 0.59 3.88 9 9/64 3.57 00 - 0.04 2.43 0.07 2.70 8 8/64 3.18 00 - -- - 0.02 2.13 ------------------ -- ---------------------------------Mean seed size class (diameter) 17.21 15.07 13.69 Mean 100-seed wt. 20.62 13.62 8.78 Table 2. Eval uations of seed vigor of .seed of al l size classes of three lines of soybeans . Large-Seeded Medium-Seeded Small-Seeded Seed First TZ Ace. First TZ Ace. Fi rst TZ Ace . Si ze Count Energy Aging Count Energy Aging Count Energy Aging Class 1-3 1-3 1-3 (%) (%) (%) {%) {%) (%) (%) (%) (%) -21 91a1 66a 82.4a 20 92a 68a 92 . 1a 19 87a 7la 80.0a 18 83ab 64a 82.4a2 93ab 82ab 93.6a 17 80ab 61ab 78.4a 95a 89a 88.8a 95a 91a 91.2ab 16 69b 47bc 39.2b 95a 87ab 92 . 0a 96a 93a 91.8ab 15 39c 35cd 31. 2cd 91ab 85ab 88.8a 95a 91a 95 . 2a 14 29c 30d 38.4bc 83ab 75b 68.8b 95a 85a 91.2ab 13 15d 15e 22.4d 79ab 53c 24.0c 94a 90a 87.2ab 12 5de 5e 16.8d 29b lld 14.4c 90a 84a 66.4b 11 2de 3e 2.4e 9c 12d 12.0c 84a 7lb 36.0c 10 13 Oe O.Oe 4c le O.Od 47b 42c 16.0d 9 - - - Oc Oe O.Od 19c 19c O.Oe 8 - - - Sc 6c Com-posite 85a 69a - 89a Slab - 9la 87a -----------------------------------------------------c.v. 16.24% 23.32% 17.46% 14.05% 12 .81% 14.52% 12. 17% 11.92% 13. 17% 1Means wi thin each column not fol l owed by the same letter are significantly different at the 1% level of ~ '-I probability as determined by DNMRT. 2Means underlined represent the mean size class of each l ine. 98 Table 3. Average seed vigor rating of seed from three lots of soybeans (mean size seed vs. 13/64-inch diameter). Seed Size Mean L = 17/64 M = 15/64 s = 14/64 Vigor Rati ngl 287 a 289 a ---- - ------- --- -- ------- ------ --- --13/64-inch L = (x - 4/64) r~ = (x - 2/64) s = (x - 1/64) 63 c 169 b 290 a 1Maximum = 300, based on 1st count, TZ energy 1-3, and accelerated aging . 2Means within a column followed by the same letter do not differ significantly at the 1% level of probability. 99 Table 4. Yield of soybeans grown from seed of the same relative diameter from the large-, medium-, and smal l- seeded lines of soybeans. Treatment Yield bu/A kg/ha Line x Relative Size Class diameter relative (64th-in.) to mean Large-seeded 19 x + 2 17 X 15 X - 2 Medium-seeded 17 x + 2 15 -X 13 - 2 X -Small-seeded 16 x + 2 14 -X 12 X - 2 c.v . 13.41% Wt/100 (g) 25.65 38 . 5a 2627 19. 25 40.0a 2726 14 . 88 34.2b 2329 17.98 41. 8a 2853 13.52 40.3a 2750 9.45 38.5a 2625 15.25 39.1a 2663 10.17 38.2a 2603 6.88 33.9b 2310 Means not followed by the same letter are different at the 1% level of probability as determined by the DNMRT. 100 We were also interested in the possibility of upgrading seed lots by processing. We compared yields of the composite lot of each of the three lines with seed remaining in the lot after the seed of lesser quality had been removed. The seed for this test were selected in the manner shown in Table 5. The results of this yield test are given in Table 6. As had been predicted two years earlier, there were no dif-ferences in yield. However, you should recall there were no significant differences in the overall physiological quality of the three seed lots evaluated. The initial conclusions made from this study were as follow: 1. Seed of different dimensions and weights are normally distri-buted within each seed lot, but the range in size and the mean seed size varies from lot to lot. 2. Seed of the mean size and larger will be higher in both via-bility and vigor than those seed more than 2/64-inch smaller in diameter than the mean of the lot, when hand-threshed seed are compared. 3. The speed of emergence and initial stand establishment from the larger seed of a lot will be superior to that of smaller seed of the same lot when environmental conditions are near optimal. 4. The average vigor level of the seed within a lot has a greater influence on speed of emergence and initial stand establish-ment than does seed size per se. 5. Plants produced by smaller seed of a lot lodge less than plants produced from the larger seed. 6. No consistent relationship exists between seed of the same di-mension or similar in weight/100 seed and yield. Rather, when a seed size-yield relationship exists, it is based upon seed size as related to the mean of the lot in question. 7. Removal of small, poor quality seed from a lot will not neces-sarily improve yield but will improve appearance of the seed. This study is being continued but we believe these conclusions will hold. Now that we know more about seed size we will start investigating the sizing of soybean seed. Table 5. Comparative data of seed-size classes removed from the seed lots of the three lines in Experiment 5. Proportion of Seed Lot Size Classes Removed from the lot Pesig- lot Smallest Lar9es t Total nation Description Removed Remaining seed serd {t:) S) (S) Lar9e-seeded line: A Check none 10 . 11, 12 , 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 0.00 0.00 0.00 8 3 smallest 10, 11, 12 13, 14, 15 . 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 0. 74 0.00 0. 74· . c 2 lar9es't 20, 21 10. 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 . 19 0.00 3.50 3.50 0 3 Slftallest & 2 largest 10, 11, 12, 20, 21 13, 14, 15, 16 , 17. 18, 19 0.74 3.50 4.24 E 6 seallest & 2 largest 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21 16, 17. 18, 19 13.70 3.50 17.20 ~ --- ------------ ---- - -- -- -- -- -- - ---- --- ---- ---- ------- --- -----------Med i liD-seeded line : A Check none 9, 10, 11, 12. 13, 14, 15, 15, 17, 18 0.00 0.00 0.00 8 3 s~~~allest 9, 10, 11 12, 13, 14 , 15, 16, 17, 18 0. 77 0.00 0.77 c 2 largest 17. 18 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 0.00 9.75 9.75 0 3 smallest & 2 largest 9, 10, 11, 17, 18 12. 13, 14, 15. 16 0.77 9. 75 10.52 E 5 smallest & 2 largest 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18 14, 15, 16 8.83 9.75 18.58 ~- -- ------- -- -- ---- -- - - --------- - - ---- ------ ---------- -- -- ---- --------Small-seeded line: A Check none 8, 9, 10 , 11, 12, 13, 14 , 15 , 16, 17 0.00 0.00 0.00 8 3 s~~~allest 8, 9, 10 11 , 12, 13, 14 , 15, 16, 17 0.68 0.00 0.68 c 2 largest 16, 17 8, 9, 10 , 11, 12 , 13, 14, 15 0.00 4.74 4.74 0 J sNllest & 2 largest 8, 9, 10, 16, 17 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 0.68 4.74 5.42 E 5 ~llest & 2 largest 8, 9, 10, 11. 12, 16, 17 13 , 14, 15 14.40 4.74 19 . 14 Renaining in lot (") 100.00 99.26 96.50 95.76 82.80 - - ---100.00 99.23 90.25 89.48 81.42 ----100.00 99.32 95.26 94.58 80.86 ...... 0 ...... 102 Table 6. Yields of soybeans grown from seed lots formed by removal of selected seed size classes of the large-, medium-, and small-seeded lines. Yield Treatments Bu/A Kg/ha Lots: Size classes removed A (check - none) 43.2 a 2944 B (3 sma 11 est) 42.7 a 2912 c (2 largest) 46.6 a 3168 0 (3 smallest & 2 largest) 44.5 a 3035 E (5 or 6 smallest & 2 largest) 43.3 a 2955 c. v. 12.20% Means not followed by the same letter are significantly different at the 1% level of probability as determined by DNMRT. 

Soybean Seed Size and Plant Performance

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Soybean Seed Size and Plant Performance

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