Mahkota dewa fruit is known for its antidiabetic effect and is
commonly used in Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippine, Thailand and Oceania. However,
there is still insufficient information available to validate the safe dose of the fruit
extract for human use. Hence, the aim of this research was to determine the safe
dose for renal function in mice. Materials and Methods: [MM2] The subcritical liquid
carbon dioxide extract of Mahkota dewa fruit was prepared and administered via
oral gavage to two groups (normal and 3000 mg/kg bw based on up and down
procedure) for acute toxicity according to the OECD-425, 2008 and five groups viz.
normal control, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw for sub-acute toxicity according
to the OECD-407, 2008. The renal function parameters such as urea, creatinine and
morphological observation of kidney tissue were analysed. Results: [MM3] The
extract exhibited no mortality, morbidity, and no change in general behaviour up to
a dosage of 3000 mg/kg body weight (LD 50 >3000 mg/kg). [MM4] The result of urea
markedly rose to 76.71 mg/dL and 87.38 mg/dL compared to the control group
(48.46 mg/dL) at doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw respectively. Similarly,
creatinine value was also increased 0.87 mg/dL and 0.94 mg/dL compared to the
control group (0.61 mg/dL) at doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw respectively.
Moreover, the abnormal morphological finding was also found such as dilated
tubules, focal degeneration, apoptosis, renal lesions/tissue haemorrhages of kidney
tissue in the same doses (1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw. On the other hand, normal
biochemical and histological findings were found at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg bw
in comparison to the normal control group. Conclusion: The findings revealed that
Mahkota dewa fruit extract up to 500 mg/kg bw is a safe dose that would offer a
greater therapeutic benefit without causing any nephrotoxicity effects. However,
further clinical trials are still warranted to determine a safe dose before its
commercialization
