Der Beitrag untersucht verschiedene Möglichkeiten des Verspätungsmanagements an intermodalen Hubflughäfen. Im Ergebnis ist ein kooperativer Ansatz zwischen allen Stakeholdern sowohl aus verkehrlicher als auch aus ökonomischer Sicht von Vorteil

Christ, Thomas

Grunewald, Erik

Knitschky, Gunnar

Maertens, Sven

Noyer, Ulf

Rudolph, Florian

Scheelhaase, Janina

Scheier, Benedikt

Seidel, Saskia

Institute of Transport Research:Publications

Managing delays and incidents at intermodal airport hubs in a more efficient way25th ATRS World Conference: August 24th – 27th, 2022, Antwerp, BelgiumJanina Scheelhaase, Benedikt Scheier, Erik Grunewald, Saskia Seidel, Thomas Christ, Ulf Noyer, Sven Maertens, Gunnar Knitschky and Florian RudolphGerman Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Braunschweig and Berlin1. Background and Objective2. Methodology 3. Economic Effects of Intermodal Delay Management 4. ConclusionsOutlineDLR.de  •  Chart 21. Background and Objective (1)DLR.de  •  Chart 3Delays due to missed connections at an airport, train station or other transportation hub are not only annoying, they also cause individual andoverall economic costs. Travelers may experience individual stress and uncer-tainty. Also, travelers may incur costs due to missed business appointments or lost vacation time.1. Background and Objective (2)DLR.de  •  Chart 4Moreover, delays also frequently entail higher costs for transportcompanies operating at an intermodal hub airport, e.g. foradditional employees, for rebooking or for compensationpayments on the basis of passenger rights regulations, or eventhe loss of revenue.The objective of our re-search is to analyze thepros and cons of differentdelay management ap-proaches at an intermodalhub airport in terms oftraffic and economiceffects for all stakeholdersinvolved.2. Methodology (1) – Modelling WorldDLR.de  •  Chart 5Figure 1: Modelling WorldSource: DLR Transition Final Report (2022).Within our study, microsimulations of the individual processes andsequences at selected transport hubs such as train stations andairports were conducted. This way, traffic impacts of different delaymanagement options were modelled.2. Methodology (2) – Traffic Scenarios investigatedDLR.de  •  Chart 6In our paper, we examine three scenarios: Reference scenario(S0), Incident scenario (S1) and Cooperation scenario (S2).Reference scenario S0: 301 passengers travel to AIA airport by thesuburban train. 88 of these 301 passengers have previously takenthe ICE from C-Burg to A-City to catch the suburban train to theairport. All 301 passengers of the suburban train want to reach threedifferent flights. Even in the reference scenario, 79 passengers misstheir flight, according to our modelling results. This is due to thecircumstance that in reality some travelers are too optimistic in theirtime planning.Suburban TrainA-City AIAC-Burg ICEOther88 PAX213 PAX otherFlight reachedFlight missed222 PAX79 PAX2. Methodology (2) – Traffic Scenarios investigatedDLR.de  •  Chart 7.In our paper, we examine three scenarios: Reference scenario(S0), Incident scenario (S1) and Cooperation scenario (S2).In Incident scenario S1, a disruption in the operating servicecauses the ICE and its 88 passengers an arrival which is half anhour late in A-City. As a result, the connection between the suburbantrain to the airport is no longer possible. A total of 128 (79+49)passengers from this train are stranded at the airport.Suburban TrainA-City AIAC-Burg ICE + 30 MinOther88 PAX213 PAX otherFlight reachedFlight missed173 PAX128 PAXSuburban train +60 Min2. Methodology (3) – Traffic Scenarios investigatedDLR.de  •  Chart 8.In Cooperation scenario S2, there is an intermodal delaymanagement system with the goal of minimizing delays. We assumethat the suburban train missed due to the delay of ICE now waits forthe arrival of the transferring passengers. This could help at leastsome of the 88 passengers to reach their connection after all.Now, the suburban train to the airport waits 15 minutes beforedeparting from A-city and reaches the airport station 15 minutes lateas well. As a result of this management intervention, the transferpassengers of the delayed ICE train reach the suburban train to theairport that is waiting for them. Although a total of 80 passengers stillmiss their flight, this is 48 passengers less than in the S1 Incidentscenario, in which no intervention takes place..Suburban TrainA-City AIAC-Burg ICE + 30 MinOther88 PAX213 PAX otherFlight reachedFlight missed221 PAX80 PAXSuburban train +15 Min2. Methodology (4) – Economic impactsDLR.de  •  Chart 9From a traffic point of view, the Cooperation scenario leads to anoverall shorter delay across all considered routes. However, whicheconomic effects are associated with such management measuresfor reducing delays at the intermodal transportation hub?Economic effects can be relevant for all main stakeholders at atransportation hub: the travelers, the operator of the suburbantrain(s), the operator of the ICE train(s), the security control at theairport, the airlines involved, the ground handling services and theairport shops, generating so-called non-aeronautical revenues.To estimate these economic effects, we developed an overalleconomic evaluation function. This function, on the one hand,takes the economic effects triggered by management measures oncompany level into account. On the other hand, the damageincurred by travelers in the event of a delay is considered.2. Methodology (5) – Economic impactsDLR.de  •  Chart 10Figure 2: Value of Time (VoT) function for business and leisure travelers (schematic)Source: DLR Transition Final Report (2022)..For generating empirical data for this function, a literature review and an online-survey have been conducted by the authors.3. Economic Effects of Intermodal Delay Management (1)DLR.de  •  Chart 11In the Incident scenario investigated, 128 of the 301 travelersexperience a delay due to missing their flight. According to our VoTestimations, this also leads to a monetary delay loss of 920 Euro intotal for eight of those travelers affected. As a result of the cooperativeproblem-solving in the Cooperation scenario S2, only 80 peopleexperience a delay and five people suffer a total loss of 240 Euro.In the Cooperation scenario, the suburban train operator incurs 30Euro in additional costs due to the 15-minute delay in departure. Theoperator of the long-distance train incurs additional costs of 256 Eurodue to the delay. There are no cost effects for the airlines andground handling in the example investigated. Airport security incursan additional 180 Euro in the Cooperation scenario due to the threeadditional airlocks. The non-aeronautical revenues of the shopsdecrease by 528 Euro.3. Economic Effects of Intermodal Delay Management (2)DLR.de  •  Chart 12Stakeholder at Transportation Hub: Incident Scenario S1 Cooperation Scenario S2 Travelers  920 240 Operator suburban train 0  30  Operator long-distance train 256  256  Airlines 0  0  Groundhandling 0  0  Airport security 0  180  Non-Aviation Revenues (shops) -563  -528 Total Damage (Euro) 613 178 Total Delay (Min.) 8.710 4.070  Table 1: Total Damage by Stakeholder Group in Scenarios investigated, in EuroSource: DLR. Cost estimation for airport security on the basis of average personnel costsFor employees in the security area. Cost estimation for operator suburban train and operator long-distance train on the basis of Scheier et al. (2018).Our main results indicate that a coordinated intermodal delaymanagement at hub airports can offer traffic and economicadvantages, compared to the previous, uncoordinatedmanagement of delays at such hubs. In principle, these benefitsapply to all major transport and other companies operating at anintermodal hub airport and to the travelers themselves.However, not every single delay management measure willresult in benefits for all stakeholders. Rather, one measure mayresult in benefits to Stakeholder A, while another measure mayresult in benefits to Stakeholder B, etc. In the sum of allmanagement decisions in a given period of time benefits shouldbe achieved for all stakeholder groups involved.4. ConclusionsDLR.de  •  Chart 13Thank you very much for your attention!Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)German Aerospace CenterInstitute of Air Transport and Airport Research | Linder Hoehe | 51147 Cologne | Germany

Managing delays and incidents at intermodal 

airport hubs in a more efficient way

https://elib.dlr.de/188074/1/Scheelhaase_et_al_ATRS_2022.pdf

Managing delays and incidents at intermodal airport hubs in a more efficient way

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