The advent of antimicrobial drugs has made a huge contribution to human society, but their commodity nature has given rise to behaviors such as abuse and overuse, leading to the emergence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs and other hazards. Nowadays, the structure of interests formed by various stakeholders in the market circulation of antimicrobial agents has become unbalanced, and government intervention as a breakthrough still faces many challenges. This paper discusses the AMR challenges of government intervention under the interest structure in the context of case studies in the Global North and the Global South areas from the point of view of human health in terms of stagnant R & D processes for novel antimicrobial drugs, a profit-oriented neoliberal atmosphere that mismatches production trends of antimicrobial drugs with market demand, the prevalence of private institutions lacking effective regulation, incomplete government interventions, and the difficulty of pursuing the WHO strategic plan on antimicrobial resistance, etc
