The larva of Palpomyia guarani Lane, 1946 is described and illustrated by using a phase-contrast and Scanning Electron Microscope, and pupa and adult redescribed by using a phase-contrast stereoscope. Immatures were collected breeding in a tree hole in Bella Vista, Paraguay. Larvae have character states typical of carnivorous larvae. The species is compared with its similar congener Palpomyia columbiana Kieffer, and this record constitutes the first one from Paraguay.Se describe e ilustra la larva de Palpomyia guarani Lane, 1946 utilizando Microscopio de Contraste de Fase y Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido. Se redescriben pupa y adulto usando Microscopio de Contraste de Fase. Los estados inmaduros fueron capturados en Bella Vista, Paraguay, en hueco de árbol, donde se desarrollan. La larva presenta características típicas de larvas carnívoras. La especie se cita por primera vez para Paraguay, y es comparada con su similar cogenérica Palpomyia columbiana Kieffer.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoInstituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet

Díaz, Florentina

Ronderos, María Marcela

Spinelli, Gustavo Ricardo

English

Servicio de Difusión de la Creación Intelectual

45ISSN 0373-5680 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 63 (1-2): 45-54, 2004Description of Larva and redescription of Pupa and Adult ofPalpomyia guarani (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)RONDEROS, María M., Gustavo R. SPINELLI, and Florentina DÍAZDivisión Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Argentina;  e-mail: ronderos@museo.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar■ ABSTRACT. The larva of Palpomyia guarani Lane, 1946 is described andillustrated by using a phase-contrast and Scanning Electron Microscope, andpupa and adult redescribed by using a phase-contrast stereoscope. Immatureswere collected breeding in a tree hole in Bella Vista, Paraguay. Larvae havecharacter states typical of carnivorous larvae. The species is compared with itssimilar congener Palpomyia columbiana Kieffer, and this record constitutes thefirst one from Paraguay.KEY WORDS. Larva. Pupa. Adult. Palpomyia guarani. SEM. Paraguay.■ RESUMEN. Descripción de la larva y redescripción de pupa y adulto dePalpomyia guarani (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Se describe e ilustra la larvade Palpomyia guarani Lane, 1946 utilizando Microscopio de Contraste de Fa-se y Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido. Se redescriben pupa y adulto usandoMicroscopio de Contraste de Fase. Los estados inmaduros fueron capturadosen Bella Vista, Paraguay, en hueco de árbol, donde se desarrollan. La larvapresenta características típicas de larvas carnívoras. La especie se cita por pri-mera vez para Paraguay, y es comparada con su similar cogenérica Palpom-yia columbiana Kieffer.PALABRAS CLAVE. Larva. Pupa. Adulto. Palpomyia guarani. MEB. Paraguay.INTRODUCTIONThe cosmopolitan genus Palpomyia Meigen,1818 includes predaceous midges that are relati-vely common inhabitants of aquatic and semia-quatic environments (Grogan & Wirth, 1979).Borkent & Wirth (1997), in their world catalog ofCeratopogonidae, listed 234 extant species, ofwhich 75 inhabit the New World. The immaturestages of the majority of the species remain unk-nown, i.e., from the 48 species listed by Borkent& Spinelli (2000) from the Neotropical region,only the larva of one species and the pupae of sixare described: Palpomyia armatipes Wirth (larvaand pupa, in Grogan & Wirth, 1979), Palpomyiaguarani Lane (pupa, in Lane, 1946), Palpomyialacustris Lane, Forattini & Rabello (pupa, in Laneet al., 1955), Palpomyia linsleyi Wirth (pupa, inGrogan & Wirth, 1979), Palpomyia subaspera(Coquillett) (pupa, in Grogan & Wirth, 1979), andPalpomyia wirthi Lane, Forattini & Rabello (pupa,in Lane et al., 1955).Palpomyia guarani was originally describedby Lane (1946) based on male and femaleadults and pupa, being the descriptions andillustrations, especially those of the pupa, veryincomplete. Subsequently the species has neverbeen mentioned again in the literature except inreference to its original description and/or type-series (Wirth, 1974; Borkent & Wirth, 1997;Borkent & Spinelli, 2000; Felippe-Bauer & deOliveira, 2001).During a development of a collecting programof ceratopogonids in the area influenced by theYacyreta dam lake, in the Parana river betweenArgentina and Paraguay, we found immatures of P.TrabC n5  27/7/04  12:21 PM  Page 4546 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 63 (1-2), 2004guarani breeding in a tree hole. The purpose of thispaper is to describe the larva and to redescribe theadult and pupa of this species by using ScanningElectron Microscope (SEM), phase-contrast ste-reoscope and binocular microscope.MATERIALS AND METHODSLarvae were collected by using suction pipetaein tree holes and carried to the laboratory in tubescontaining water from their natural evironment.Figs. 1-3: Palpomyia guarani Lane, larva. 1. head cap-sule (laterodorsal view), chaetotaxy; 2. head capsule(ventral view), chaetotaxy; 3. head capsule (lateroven-tal view), chaetotaxy. (ANT) antennae; (LB) labrum;(HY) hypostoma; (x) parantennal setae; (t) prefrontalsetae; (z) frontal pits; (s) anterior perifrontal setae; (q)postfrontal setae; (w) anterolateral setae; (u) mesolater-al setae; (v) posterolateral setae; (p) posterior perifrontalsetae; (o) parahypostomal setae; (y) ventral setae.Figs. 4-6: Palpomyia guarani Lane, larva. 4-5 head cap-sule (anteroventral view); 6. head capsule (anterodor-sal view). (ANT) antennae; (LB) labrum; (PL) palatum;(Sca) sensilla campaniformia; (SS) sensilla stylocon-icum; (ST) sensilla trichodeum; (MS) messors; (MP)maxillary palpus; (MX) maxilla; (HY) hypostoma;(GL) galeolacinia; (Mn) mandible. 12456100 µ 100 µ100 µ100 µ100 µ100 µ3TrabC n5  27/7/04  12:21 PM  Page 4647RONDEROS, M. M. et al. Description of Palpomyia guaraniThey were observed daily for recording pupaldevelopment. For the observation of larvae withphase-contrast microscope at oil inmersion, theywere slide-mounted in Canada balsam, placedwith their ventral side upward to facilitate exa-mination of the epipharynx within the head cap-sule. Pupae and adults were slide-mounted inCanada balsam, and examined, measured anddrawn using binocular microscope with cameralucida. The pinned paratypes in the Entomologi-cal collection of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Riode Janeiro, Brazil were examined using stereo-microscope.Larva were also examined using ScanningElectron Microscope (SEM) at the Museo de LaPlata (JOEL T 100). For that purpose, larvae wereprepared following the technique of Ronderos etal. (2000). Terminology follows Huerta et al.(2001) for larvae and pupae, and Downes &Wirth (1981) for adults.The following measurements and ratios of lar-vae were taken and/or calculated: head length(HL), head width (HW), subgenal width (SGW),head ratio (HR=HL/HW), mandible length (ML),mandible width (MW), distance between the tipsof the lateral arms of the epipharynx (LAW), widthof the individual dorsal comb sclerites of epip-harynx (DCW), subgenal ratio (SGR=HW/SGW).The following measurements for pupae were ta-ken and/or calculated: total length, operculumlength (OL), operculum width (OW), pedicellength, respiratory horn length, pedicel/horn ratio(P/H), operculum length ratio (OW/OL), caudalsegment length, caudal segment width .The studied specimens are deposited in the co-llection of the Museo de La Plata, Argentina. Pa-ratypes, deposited in the collection do InstitutoOswaldo Cruz, Río de Janeiro, Brazil, were alsoexamined.RESULTSPalpomyia guarani Lane, 1946(Figs. 1-26)Palpomyia guarani Lane, 1946: 221 (female, ma-le, pupa; Brazil); Wirth, 1974: 54 (in Neotropi-cal catalog); Borkent & Wirth, 1997: 132 (inWorld catalog); Borkent & Spinelli, 2000: 63(in Neotropical catalog); Felippe-Bauer & deOliveira, 2001: 1115 (in list of types IOC). Description of fourth instar larva (Figs. 1-13). Exuvia pale brown. Head capsule (Figs. 1-3)three times longer than broad, apex slightly bentventrally, chaetotaxy as figured; HL 0.30 (0.32-0.30, n=3) mm; HW 0.21 (0.22-0.20, n=3); SGW0.11 (n=3); HR 1.43 (1.50-1.36, n=3); SGR 1.93(2.00-1.80, n=3). Labrum (Figs. 2, 4, 6, LB) not ex-tending beyond hypostoma, longer than wide, withanterolateral sensilla styloconicum; palatum (Fig.5, PL) with sensillae styloconicum, campaniformiaFigs. 7-9: Palpomyia guarani Lane, larva. 7. (MX) maxil-la; (GL) galeolacinia; (MP) maxillary palpus; (Mn)mandible; 8. caudal segment; 9. insertion of setae ofcaudal segment.789100 µ100 µ100 µTrabC n5  27/7/04  12:21 PM  Page 4748 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 63 (1-2), 2004and trichodeum. Messors (Figs. 4-5) thin, gentlysclerotized, away from mandibles. Maxilla (Figs.4, 6-7, MX) with long, cylindrical palpus with th-ree subapical papillae (Figs. 4, 7); galeolacinia(Figs. 4, 7, GL) with upper papilla long, flat, bund-le of three stout lower papillae, stout setae thin,long. Mandible (Figs. 4, 7, 10, Mn) hooked, withone strong pointed curved tooth, basal minuteone, mandibular pit present, one strong setae insurface, ML 0.04 (n=3) mm; MW 0.01 (n=3) mm.Hypostoma (Figs. 2, 4, 12, HY) finely toothed,medial portion lightly sharp-pointed. Labiumsmall, subtriangular, apex broad. Epipharynx (Fig.11) gently massive; single comb with a row of 3-4 lanceolate, stout, pointed teeth interrupted by8-9 shorter ones; small, curved auxiliary scleritesFigs. 10-13: Palpomyia guarani Lane, larva. 10. mandible; 11. epipharynx; 12. hypostoma; 13. hypopharynx (scale= 0.02 mm).111012130.02 mm0.02 mmTrabC n5  27/7/04  12:21 PM  Page 4849RONDEROS, M. M. et al. Description of Palpomyia guaraniFigs. 14-19: Palpomyia guarani Lane, pupa. 14. cephalothorax (lateral view); 15. operculum; 16. respiratory horn;17. 4th abdominal segment; 18. tubercles of 4th abdominal segment; 19. female caudal segment (ventral view); (P)pedicel; (RH) respiratory horn; (O) operculum; (ad) anterodorsal tubercle; (vl) ventrolateral setae; (vm) ventro-median setae; (dl) dorsolateral tubercle; (d) dorsal tubercles.14 15171819160.05 mm0.3 mm0.05 mm0.05 mm0.1 mm0.05 mmdldpvmvlRHvpmi ii iiiiiii iii ii iii ivdasmdpmlpmlasmbsamvmvlVpRH O dl addDTrabC n5  27/7/04  12:21 PM  Page 49near lateral arms; LAW 0.09 (0.10-0.09, n=3)mm;dorsal comb sclerite wide, semicircular in outerline; DCW 0.03 (0.04-0.03, n=3) mm. Hypop-harynx (Fig. 13) long, thin, arms slender.Thoracic coloration uniformly pale yellowish.Caudal segment (Figs. 8-9) with four pairs of long,stout, caudal setae, two pairs of thiner ones. Redescription of pupa (Figs. 14-19) Female. Length 3.63 (3.93-3.39, n=5) mm.Exuvia pale brown. Cephalotoraxic tubercles(Figs. 14, 16) as follows: anterodorsal tubercle(ad) with two long, subequal, thin setae; dorsola-teral tubercle (dl) with two long, subequal setae,one stout, one thin; dorsal tubercles (d) i, ii, ivwith long thin seta, iii with long stouter seta, vpore; ventral setae: vm with one very thin seta, vlwith two setae, one thin, one very thin. Respira-tory horn (Figs. 14, 16 ) 2.5 times longer thanbroad, surface bare, apex with 10-12 spiracles;pedicel stout, length 0.04 (0.05-0.03, n=5) mm;length respiratory horn 0.18 (0.19-0.17, n=6)mm; P/H 0.21 (0.27-0.17, n=5). Operculum (Figs.14-15) 0.5 as long as greatest width, disc coveredwith small rounded tubercles; posterior marginpointed; two anteromarginal tubercles (am) bea-ring single long seta, basal sensillum present; OL0.09 (0.11-0.08, n=4) mm, OW 0.20 (0.21-0.19,n=4) mm, OW/OL 2.08 (2.60-1.80, n=4). Abdo-minal segments with scattered small spinules.Fourth abdominal segment (Figs. 17-18 ) withtwo dorsal anterosubmarginal tubercles (dasm), iwith thin seta, ii with stouter seta; four dorsal pos-teromarginal tubercles (dpm), i,ii on single stoutbase, i with short, thin seta, ii with long, stout se-ta, iii pore, iv with minute seta; three ventral pos-teromarginal tubercles (vpm) with base rounded,seta thin; two lateral posteromarginal tubercles(lpm) with base broad, i with short, thin seta, iiwith long, stouter seta; one lateral anterosubmar-ginal tubercle (lasm) without seta. Caudal seg-ment (Fig.19) length 0.32 (0.39-0.33, n=6) mm,width 0.18 (0.21-0.15, n=6) mm, dorsal surfacewith abundant posteriorly directed spinules, alsopresent on posterolateral processes.Male. Length 3.48 mm. Respiratory horn 0.18mm; pedicel 0.10 mm; P/H 0.55; OL: 0.10 mm,OW 0.20 mm. Caudal segment length 0.31 mm,width 0.19 mm.Redescription of adult (Figs. 20-26)Female (Figs. 20-24). Head. Dark brown, clypeus slightly paler. Eyesbare, separated by distance equal to diameter of2.5 ommatidia. Clypeus with 13-15 slender setae.Antenna (Fig. 20) with flagellomeres brown, na-rrow bases only slightly paler; scape without se-tae; AR 1.47 (1.56-1.35). Palpus (Fig. 21) elonga-ted; third segment with few scattered sensilla; PR3.05 (3.22-2.75, n=4). Mandible with 10-12 stoutteeth. Thorax. Uniformly dark brown. Scutumwith anterior tubercle; three prealar strong setae;double row of three dorsocentral setae. Scutellumwith four setae. Legs yellow except coxa, tro-chanter, femur, basal half of tibia of hind leg darkbrown; fore femur swollen, with 10-12 spines;tarsomeres 3-5 in all legs slightly infuscated; fifthtarsomeres unarmed; hind tarsal ratio 2.50 (2.60-2.30, n=4); claws small, with small basal innertooth. Wing (Fig. 22) membrane slightly infusca-ted, anterior veins brown; wing length 1.70 (1.74-1.62, n=4) mm, width 0.55 (0.57-0.54, n=4)mm,CR 0.71 (0.72-0.70, n=4). Halter dark brown. Ab-domen. Brown, no trace of gland rods. Sternite 8(Fig. 24) with anterior portion rectangular, greatlybroader than long; posterior portion hyaline, an-terolateral margins rounded, heavily sclerotized;two large, prominent setose lobes arising from an-terior margin. Sternite 9 (Fig. 24) divided, eacharm with slender anteriorly directed portion andbroader laterally directed portion. Sternite 10 pa-le yellowish, with five pairs of large setae; cercistout. Two rounded, slightly unequal spermathe-cae with short necks, diameter 0.050 and 0.046mm, plus rudimentary third (Fig. 23).Male. Similar to female with usual sexual dif-ferences. Wing length 1.32 mm; width 0.42 mm;CR 0.52.Genitalia (Figs. 25-26). Sternite 9 0.25 timeslonger than broad, with shallow, irregular poste-romedial excavation, ventral surface smooth; ter-gite 9 tapering distally, cerci lightly sclerotized,bluntly rounded, each one with four setae. Ster-nite 10 rounded, pilose. Gonocoxite stout, near-ly twice as long as broad with setose mesoventrallobe; gonostylus 0.6 times the length of gonoco-xite, curved distally, tapering to stout, pointedtip. Aedeagus stout, heavily sclerotized, 1.4 ti-mes broader than long; basal arms very short, re-curved; basal arch extending 0.25 of total length;distal portion tapering to stout rouded tip; underl-ying membrane spiculate, with broad rounded tipextending to 0.8 of total length. Parameres (Fig.50 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 63 (1-2), 2004TrabC n5  27/7/04  12:21 PM  Page 5051RONDEROS, M. M. et al. Description of Palpomyia guaraniFigs. 20-24: Palpomyia guarani Lane, adult female. 20. antenna; 21. palpus; 22. wing; 23. spermathecae;24. genital sclerotization.212223240.3 mm0.3 mm0.05 mm0.05 mm0.1 mm20TrabC n5  27/7/04  12:21 PM  Page 5126) divided, each with conspicuous, doubly re-curved basal arm; stem curved, deeply scleroti-zed; distal portion stout, nearly straight, tipblunt.Distribution. Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro,Espirito Santo), Paraguay (Itapua).Specimens examined. PARAGUAY, Itapua, Be-lla Vista, 8-XI-2000, G. Spinelli, 1 male, 4 fema-les (reared in laboratory), 3 larvae, 1 pupal exu-viae male, 6 pupal exuviae female.For SEM: same locality, 4 larvae. This is the first record of P. guarani from Para-guay. All the above mentioned specimens werecollected in a single, shallow, one meter heighttree hole of aproximately 5 cm long and 3 cmwidth. Paratypes (pinned): BRAZIL, Espirito Santo,São Joao, 6-V-1940, L. Whitman, from bambu, 3females with pupal exuvia (IOC 360, 361, 362);Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Distrito Federal, Rio de Ja-neiro Silvestre, 2-II-1940, L. Whitman, from tree52 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 63 (1-2), 2004Figs. 25-26: Palpomyia guarani Lane, adult male. 25. genitalia (parameres removed); 26. parameres.25260.03 mmTrabC n5  27/7/04  12:21 PM  Page 5253RONDEROS, M. M. et al. Description of Palpomyia guaranihole, 1 female (IOC 363); Brazil, São Paulo,Horto Forestal, V-1944, J. Lamosa, 1 female withpupal exuvia (IOC 364)DISCUSSIONAs it was pointed out by Lane (1946) P. gua-rani is very similar to the colombian species Pal-pomyia columbiana Kieffer, from which it canbe distinguished at the adult stage by the apicalfifth of hind femur yellowish and hind tibia darkbrown almost to apex in P. columbiana. Thesedifferences are itself not very significant, andperhaps P. guarani is a junior synonym of P. co-lumbiana. Unfortunately this pressumptioncould not be corroborated, because the type ofP. columbiana, deposited in the Musée NationalHongrois de Budapest, was destroyed by a bom-bing during the occupation of Hungary by thesoviets in 1956. The specimens studied were determined asPalpomyia guarani based on the comparison withthe original description, as well as with part of thetype-series deposited in the Instituto OswaldoCruz. We attempted to study the holotype of thisspecies, deposited in the Facultade da Saude Pu-blica da Universidade de São Paulo, but unfortu-nately it is lost (Maria Anice Sallum, pers.comm.).The larvae of P. guarani are prognathous, ex-hibiting an elongate, narrow head, mandiblehooked with a single strong tooth, epipharynxgently massive and hypostoma finely toothed,which are character states typical of carnivo-rous larvae (Thomsen, 1937; Mullen & Hribar,1988). Apparently, this is the only species ofPalpomyia of the world known to breed in treeholes, where microfauna such as copepods we-re very abundant.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to acknowledge María Felippe-Bauer and the authorities of the Instituto OswaldoCruz for facilities during the recent visit of one ofus (MMR) to the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, whereparatypes of P. guarani were studied. Our gratitu-de also to Maria Anice Sallum from the ColeçãoEntomológica, Facultade da Saúde Pública daUniversidade de São Paulo, for the informationon the holotype of P. guarani.LITERATURE CITEDBORKENT, A & G. R. SPINELLI. 2000. Catalog of theNew World biting midges south of the UnitedStates of America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Contrib. Entomol. Internat., 4 (1): 1-107.BORKENT, A & W. W. WIRTH. 1997. World Speciesof Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 233, 257pp.DOWNES, A. J. & W. W. WIRTH. 1981. Ceratopogo-nidae. In: McAlpine, J. F. et al. (eds.), Manualof Nearctic Diptera Vol 1, Agric. Canada Mo-nog. 27, Otawa, pp. 393-421.FELIPPE-BAUER, M. L. & S. J. DE OLIVEIRA. 2001. Lis-ta dos Exemplares Tipos de Ceratopogonidae(Diptera, Nematocera) depositados na ColeçãoEntomológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Riode Janeiro, Brasil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 96(8): 1109-1119.GROGAN, W. L. & W. W. WIRTH. 1979. The NorthAmerican predaceous midges of the genus Pal-pomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Mem. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 8: 1-125.HUERTA, H., M. M. RONDEROS & G. R. SPINELLI. 2001.Description of the larva and pupa and redescrip-tion of the adult of Culicoides albamaculus Rootand Hoffman (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Trans.Amer. Entomol. Soc. 127 (4): 545-561.LANE, J. 1946. Duas Espécies Novas de Ceratopo-gonídeos Brasileiros. Diptera Ceratopogoni-dae (Heleidae). Livro de homenagem R. F.d’Almeida 22: 219-226.LANE, J., O. P. FORATTINI & E. X. RABELLO. 1955.Biologia e espécies novas de Palpomyia e Sti-lobezzia (Diptera, Nematocera, Ceratopogoni-dae). Dusenia 6: 81-88.MEIGEN, J. G. 1818. Systematische Beschreibungder bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen.Insekten. Vol. 1, XXXVI + 333 pp. Aachen. MULLEN, G. R. & L. J. HRIBAR. 1988. Biology andfeeding behavior of Ceratopogonidae larvae(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in North America.Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 13 (1): 60-81. RONDEROS, M. M., G. R. SPINELLI & P. SARMIENTO.2000. Preparation and Mounting of Biting Mid-ges of the Genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) to be Observed with a Scan-ning Electron Microscope. Trans. Amer. Ento-mol. Soc. 126 (1): 125-132.TrabC n5  27/7/04  12:21 PM  Page 5354 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 63 (1-2), 2004THOMSEN, L. C. 1937. Part V. Ceratopogonidae. In:Johannsen O. A, Thomsen L. C (eds.), AquaticDiptera. Parts IV and V. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp.Sta. Mem. pp. 57-80.WIRTH, W. W. 1974. Family Ceratopogonidae.A catalog of the Diptera of the Americassouth of the United States. Mus. Zool.,Univ. Sao Paulo 14: 1- 89.Recibido: 17-XI-2003Aceptado: 25-III-2004TrabC n5  27/7/04  12:21 PM  Page 54

Descripción de la larva y redescripción de pupa y adulto de Palpomyia guarani (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

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Descripción de la larva y redescripción de pupa y adulto de Palpomyia guarani (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

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