Cranial and post-cranial osteological characters of specimens belonging to western and eastern populations of Kentropyx viridistriga have been studied. Results of this research point out significant clear-cut morphological differences, in agreement with former studies of the Authors on exo-somatic characters of the same population samples. A subspecific status for western and eastern populations of K. viridistriga is then untenable, and in accordance with the lack of intergradation in their intermediate Chacoan contact area, a specific status for Kentropyx lagartija (Gallardo, 1962) as “evolutionary species” (sensu Frost and Hillis, 1990) is revalidated.Material digitalizado en SEDICI gracias a la colaboración del Dr. Jorge Williams (FCNM-UNLP).Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Cei, José Miguel Alfredo María

Tedesco, María Esther

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ISSN 0392-758 XOsteological research on the genus Kentropyx from Argentina and revalidation of the specific status for Kentropyx lagartija (Gallardo, 1962) (Squamata: Teiidae)Maria Esther Tedesco - José Miguel CeiESTRATTO dal Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino Volume 15-N.l 1997MUSEO REGIONALE DI SCIENZE NATURALIJORGE D. WILLIAMSBoll. Mus. reg. Sci. nat. Torino Voi. 15 - N. 1 pp. 231-240 10-07-1997Maria Esther Tedesco *,  José Miguel Cei *** Dep. Biología, Universitad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina** Dep. Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto (Córdoba), ArgentinaOsteological research on the genus Kentropyx from Argentina and revalidation of the specific status for Kentropyx lagartija (Gallardo, 1962) (Squamata: Teiidae)ABSTRACTCranial and post-cranial osteological characters of specimens belonging to western and east­ern populations of Kentropyx viridistriga have been studied. Results of this research point out sig­nificant clear-cut morphological differences, in agreement with former studies of the Authors on exo-somatic characters of the same population samples. A subspecific status for western and east­ern populations of K. viridistriga is then untenable, and in accordance with the lack of intergra­dation in their intermediate Chacoan contact area, a specific status for Kentropyx lagartija (Gal­lardo, 1962) as “evolutionary species” (sensu Frost and Hillis, 1990) is revalidated.INTRODUCTIONThe genus Kentropyx (Spix, 1825) extends from the northern countries of South America to the northern provinces of Argentina. Eight species have been recognized by Gallagher and Dixon (1992). Kentropyx viridistriga (Boulenger, 1894) from Parana region and Kentropyx lagartija (Gallardo, 1962) from Tucumán, were reported for Argentina, but Gallagher and Dixon (1992) treat­ed lagartija as a synonym of viridistriga. In a further study of the geographic variation of K. viridistriga, on the basis of its exo-somatic characters, Tedesco et al. (1994) sustained a subspecific category for K. viridistriga lagartija from Northwestern region of Argentina, establishing as nominated form K.v.viridis- triga from the Eastern region.With the fundamental purpose of a more suitable evaluation of the real sys-232 tematic rank of the Argentine populations, through a comparative analysis of their osteological characters at the cranial and post-cranial anatomical level, our present research was carried out. In their former taxonomic studies either Gallardo (1962) or Gallagher and Dixon (1992) made no suggestion of this kind of morfological observations.METHODS AND MATERIALSA sample of 6 adult individuals for each subspecies (3 males, 3 females) was used. The skeletonized specimens were obtained according to the clean­ing and double staining procedure described by Wassersug (1976). Only char­acters showing significant interspecific differences, and invariable in the same species, were considered. No appreciable osteological sex differences can be reported in the samples.The compared photographic records have been obtained with an Olympus SZH 10 Microscope, at a magnification of 10 X.The reported abbreviations are: UNNEC-Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes; FML-Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán.Studied materials: Kentropyx viridistriga lagartija, FML 01186-6, 01553, 02148-5 (3 males), 01204-2, 01204-3, 02148-4 (3 females), all from Rio Sali, Tucumán, Argentina.Kentropyx viridistriga viridistriga, UNNEC 001059, Colonia Madariaga, San Miguel, Corrientes, Argentina; 001056, Laguna Soto, Corrientes, Argenti­na; 001067, Rincón Santa Maria, Corrientes, Argentina (3 males); 001069, Lagu­na Brava, Corrientes, Argentina; 04757-04758, Area Natural Protegida, Mbu- rucuyá, Corrientes, Argentina, (3 females).RESULTSIn order to our observations both the Argentine forms can be easily distin­guished in having the following osteological characters.Kentropyx viridistriga lagartijaCranial region. Premaxillary bones with laterally expanded maxil­lary processes. Nasal process slightly globose proximally, needle-like distally (Plate 1,1: Mxpr, Npr). Range of the numbers of monocuspidated premaxil­lary teeth, from 6 to 8. Hyoid dorsoventrally wide and flattened. Entoglossus process plane, large as the hypohyal processe (Plate 1, 2).Post-cranial region. Pectoral girdle with ventrally convex clavi­cle, showing a gently rounded or curved upper border (Plate 2,1,2: Cl). Inter­clavicle without lateral processes. Escapulo-coracoid peculiarly different in hav­ing a major size, a larger suprascapula, a stronger scapula and distint fenestrae and epicoracoid. Suprascapula going 2 times into the portion made by scapu­233la, glenoid cavity and coracoid; scapulo-coracoid fenestra equal or subequal to the anterior and posterior coracoid fenestrae (Plate 3, 1).Sternum with rhomboidal prestemum, narrow as the base and larger than wide (Plate 2,7,2).Pelvic girdle with stout and wide bones and slightly smaller than in the other form (Plate 4,7). Epi-pubis small, triangular and apical. Pubis dorsoventrally flattened. Epiischium cartilaginous, almost rhomboidal, projecting anteriorly until the middle of the ischiopubic fenestra, but not entering the pubic synph- ysis. Hypo-ischium large, distally expanded, almost fin-like, being its width equal to its lenght. Ischium laminar, broad, slightly quadrangular; ilium strong and short. Ischio-pubic fenestra irregular, slightly hearth-shaped.Pubis and ischium disjoined (Plate 4,7,2).Kentropyx viridistriga viridistrigaCranial region. Premaxillary bones with backward turned maxillary processes. Nasal process slightly widened proximally, narrowing distally (Plate 1,3 : Mxpr, Npr). Range of the numbers of monocuspidated premaxillary teeth from 8 to 10. Hyoid almost cylindrical, laterally flattened. Entoglossus process somewhat cylindrical, larger than the hypohyal processe. (Plate 1,4).Post-cranial region. Pectoral girdle with flattened, ventrally no con­vex clavicle, with upper border right. Interclavicle with broad, sharp-pointed lateral processes (Plate 2,3; Lp). General differential characters of the scapu­lo-coracoid formerly given in the osteological description of lagartija. Supras­capula is going almost 3 times into the portion made by scapula, glenoid cav­ity and coracoid; scapula-coracoid fenestra equal or subequal to the anterior and posterior coracoid fenestrae (Plate 3,2).Sternum with rhomboidal prestemum, broad at the base and wider than larg­er (Plate 2, 3, 4).Pelvic girdle with somewhat slender or frail bones, but larger in size (Plate 4,3); epi-pubis triangular, apical, larger than in lagartija-, pubis dorsoventral­ly triangular. Epiischium cartilaginous, large and slender, projecting anterior­ly more than the half of the ischio-pubic fenestra, but no entering the pubic syn- physis. Hipo-ischium moderately narrower, distally shaped, being its basal width equal or subequal to the half of its whole lenght. Ischium laminar, slight­ly narrower than in lagartija, almost rectangular; ilium slender and large. Ischio-pubic fenestra about hearth-shaped.Pubis and ischium fused: a clear cut difference with pubis and ischium of lagartija (Plate 4, 3, 4).DISCUSSIONThe results of our comparative osteological screening agree with the for­mer data obtained in the research by Tedesco et al. (1994) on exo-somatic, met-234 ric and meristic characters shown by the Argentine teiid lizards of the genus Kentropyx. Both series of observations, in spite of their dissimilar kinds of evi­dence, support the conviction that the subspecific category given to the West­ern and Eastern populations, named respectively K. viridistriga lagartija and K. v. viridistriga, is unsuitable. In fact, Western and Eastern population are two very distinct taxa, easily distinguishable by a number of significant morpho­logical, chromatic as well as osteological characters. On the other hand, no intergradation between them was still reported, nor intermediate specimens were collected in Chacoan districts lying between the distribution areas of these geo­graphically separated forms.Cranial and post-cranial osteological features, analysed in our comparative research point out a remarkable set of peculiar differences, likely at a interspecific level in order to their anatomical interest and functional correlation. Clear cut differences were so found in the nasal and maxillary processes; in the number of premaxillary teeth; in the processus entoglossus of the hyoid; in the shape of the clavicle, having a curved upper border in lagartija, a right upper border in viridistriga; in the interclavicle, showing in viridistriga a wide lateral process, lacking in lagartija; in size and structure of the scapula-coracoid; in the ster­num shape, larger than wide in lagartija, wider than large in viridistriga; in the general structure of the pelvic girdle; in the shape and lenght of the epi­ischium; in the strikingly distally enlarged hypoischium, whose expanded fin is equal to the lenght of the same hypo-ischium in lagartija, but shorter, being only a little more than its half in viridistriga; and finally in the fused pubis and ischium bones in viridistriga, still disjoined in lagartija.We will not recall here the significant statistical differences stressed by Tedesco et al. (1994) when Western and Eastern population of Kentropyx viridis­triga were compared for 15 metric and meristic morphological variables. The diversity of several important characters, dealing with lepidosis, as well as with color patterns or craniometry, were emphasized by their results. The hasty synonymizing of lagartija with viridistriga by Gallagher & Dixon (1992), without a suitable anatomical or analytical support, sound almost incompre­hensible.CONCLUSIONSConverging data provided by so different methodological approaches, may suggest then two suitable combinations of many peculiar character states for these still discussed teiid lizards from the Western subtropical Argentina and the Eastern biotopes of the Parana River, such as Paraguay and Corrientes. Their allopatric range and the lack of intergradation in the Central Chacoan flats, where they could contact, also provide valid argumentations for the application to these disjoined populations of the Kentropyx viridistriga complex, a condition of “evo­lutionary species”, such as defined in the recent discussion of that new biological235concept, carried out by Frost & Hillis (1990) and Frost et al. (1992). Kentropyx lagartija (Gallardo, 1962) is then resurrected as valid species; Kentropyx viridistriga (Boulenger, 1894) is again no more a trinominal taxon. With the resurrection of Kentropyx lagartija we like to express a posthumous homage to the late Prof. José Maria Gallardo, a remarkable Argentine herpetologist, recent­ly died.ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE FIGURESPremaxillary bone: Npr - nasal process; Mxpr - maxillary process.Hyoid: Bh - basihyal; Cerb. I-ceratobranchial I; Cerb. II-ceratobranchial II; Chy - ceratohyal; Hyh- hypohyal; Pen-processus entoglossus.Scapulo-coracoid: A - acromion; C - coracoid; Gc - glenoid cavity; Ec - epicoracoid; Fc - foramen coracoideum; Fca-fenestra coracoidea anterior; Fcp - fenestra coracoidea posterior; Fsc-fen- estra scapularis; Fscc-fenestra scapulo-coracoidea; Mc-mesocoracoid; Msc-mesoscapula; Mtc- metacoracoid; Pc-precoracoid; Sc-scapula; Ssc-suprascapula.Sternum and clavicle: Cl-clavicle; Sr-sternal ribs; I-interclavicle; Lp-lateral process; Ms-mesoster­num; Ps-presternum.Pelvic girdle: Eis-epi-ischium; Epu-epi-pubis; IpF-ischio-pubic fenestra; Fobt-foramen obturador; His-hypo-ischium; II-ilium; Is-ischium; Plp-pubis lateral process; Pu-pubis.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe wish to thank cordially the Lie. Maria Celina Godoy for her assistance in the photographic work of this paper, and Mr. Roberto Hugo Aguirre for his assistance in the fine graphic details of our Color Plates.RIASSUNTOSi presenta uno studio osteológico comparativo, mediante la tecnica di colorazione e diafaniz- zazione, delle regioni cranica e post-cranica di esemplari di ambo i sessi dei teiidi della specie Ken­tropyx viridistriga d’Argentina, attualmente suddivisa in due sottospecie, una orientale o forma nominale, l’altra occidentale o Kentropyx viridistriga lagartija. I risultati di queste osservazioni mostrano chiaramente differenze assai notevoli, di livello sicuramente specifico, tra le suddette sot­tospecie, concordando con dati anteriori comparativi, ottenuti da studi morfologici e statistici di caratteri exosomatici in tali forme. Considerando anche la assenza d’intergradazione tra le popo­lazioni orientali e occidentali di Kentropyx viridistriga, si conclude che una posizione di “specie evolutiva” s’addice a questi taxa, e si propone convalidare nuovamente la specie K. lagartija (Gal­lardo, 1962) del Nordovest d’Argentina, limitando K. viridistriga (Boulenger, 1894) alle popolazioni orientali della regione del Rio Paraná.Maria Esther Tedesco Dep. Biologia, Universitad Nacional del Nordeste Corrientes, ArgentinaJosé Miguel Cei Dep. Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto Rio Cuarto (Cordoba), Argentina236LITERATURE CITEDFrost D.R. & Hillis D.M., 1990. Species in concept and practice: herpetological applications. - Herpetologica 46 (1): 87-104.Frost D.R., Kluge A. G. & Hillis D.M., 1992. Species in contemporary herpetology: comments on phylogenetic inference and taxonomy. - Herpetol. Rev. 23 (2): 46-54.Gallagher D.S. & Dixon J.R., 1992. Taxonomic revision of the South American lizard genus Ken- tropyx Spix (Sauria: Teiidae). - Boll. Mus. reg. Sci. Nat.. Torino, 10 (1): 125-171.Gallardo J.M., 1962. El género Kentropyx (Sauria, Teiidae) en la República Argentina. - Acta zool. lilloana, 18: 243-250.Tedesco M.E., Cei J.M., Porcel E. & Alvarez B.B., 1994. Variabilidad poblacional en el género Kentropyx (Squamata, Teiidae) del norte argentino. - Cuadernos de Herpetol., 8 (1): 83-86.Wassersug R.J., 1976. A procedure for differential staining of cartilage and bone in whole for­malin fixed vertebrates. - Stain Technol. ,51: 131-134.PLATE 1Fig. 1 - Premaxillary bone of Kentropyx lagartija (dorsal view)Mxpr - Maxillary process; Npr - Nasal process (Specimen 01204-02).Fig. 3 - Premaxillary bone of Kentropyx viridistriga (dorsal view)Mxpr - Maxillary process; Npr - Nasal process (Specimen 04758).Fig. 2 - Hyoid structures of Kentropyx lagartija (ventral view)Pen - processus entoglossus; Hyh - Hypohyal; Bh - Basihyal; Chy - Ceratohyal; Cerb.I - Ceratobranchial I; Cerb. II - Ceratobranchial II.(Specimen 01186-6).Fig. 4 - Hyoid structures of Kentropyx viridistriga (ventral view)Pen - Processus entoglossus; Hyh - Hypohyal; Bh - Basihyal; Chy - Ceratohyal; Cerb. I - Ceratobranchial I; Cerb. II-Ceratobranchial II.(Specimen 04757).PLATE 2Fig. 1 - Clavicle and sternum of Kentropyx layartija (ventral view)Cl - Clavicle; I-Interclavicle; Ps - Presternuni; Sr - Sternal ribs; Ms - Mesosternum.(Specimen 01204-2).Fig. 3 - Clavicle and sternum of Kentropyx viridistriya (ventral view)Cl - Clavicle; I-Interclavicle; Lp - Proceso lateral; Ps - Presternum; Sr - Sternal ribs; Ms - Mesosternum. (Specimen 001069).Fig. 2 - Clavicle and sternum of Kentropyx layartija (ventral view)Cl - Clavicle; I-Interclavicle; Ps - Presternuni; Sr - Sternal ribs; Ms - Mesosternum.(Specimen 01204-2).Fig. 4 - Clavicle and sternum of Kentropyx viridistriya (ventral view)Cl - Clavicle; I-Interclavicle; Lp - Proceso lateral; Ps - Presternuni; Sr - Sternal ribs; Ms - Mesosternum. (Specimen 001069).PLATE 3Fig. 1 - Scapulo-coracoid bone of Kentropyx lagartija (ventral view)Ssc - Suprascapula: A - Acromion; Sc - Scapula; Msc - Mesoscapula; C - Coracoid; Fc - Foramen coracoideum; Pc- Precoracoid; Me - Mesocoracoid; Ec - Epicoracoid; Gc - Glenoid cavity; Fsc - Fenestra scapularis; Fscc - Fenestra scapulo-coracoidea; Fea - fenestra coracoidea anterior; Fcp- Fenestra coracoidea posterior.(Specimen 01204-2).Fig. 2 - Scapulo-coracoid bone of Kentropyx viridistrit’a (ventral view)Ssc - Suprascapula; A - Acromion; Sc - Scapula; Msc - Mesoscapula; C - Coracoid; Fc - Foramen coracoideum; Pc- Precoracoid; Me - Mesocoracoid; Ec - Epicoracoid; Gc - Glenoid cavity; Fsc - Fenestra scapularis; Fscc - Fenestra scapulo-coracoidea; Fea - Fenestra coracoidea anterior; Fcp- Fenestra coracoidea posterior.(Specimen 0010069).PLATE 4Fig. 1 - Pelvic girdle of Kentropyx lagartija (ventral view) Ischium and pubis disjoined.Epu - Epi-pubis; Pu - Pubis; Pip - Pubis lateral process; Eis - Epiischium; Fobt - Foramen obturador; Is - Ischium; IpF - Ischio-pubic Fenestra; His - Hypo-ischium.(Specimen 01186-6).Fig. 3 - Pelvic girdle of Kentropyx viridistriga (ventral view) Ischium and pubis fused.Epu - Epi-pubis; Pu - Pubis; Pip - Pubis lateral process; Eis - Epiischium; Fobt - Foramen obturador; Is - Ischium; IpF - Ischio-pubic Fenestra; His - Hypo-ischium.(Specimen 001069).Fig. 2 - Detail of the ischio-pubic suture in Kentropyx lagartija (ventral view)Ischium and pubis disjoined : magnified.Pu - Pubis; Fobt - Foramen obturador; IpF - Ischio-pubic Fen­estra; Is - Ischium.(Specimen 01204-2).Fig. 4 - Detail of the ischio-pubic fusion in Kentropyx viridistriga (ventral view)Ischium and pubis fused : magnifiedPu - Pubis; Fobt - Foramen obturador; IpF - Ischio-pubic Fen­estra; Is - Ischium: Eis - Epi-ischium.(Specimen 04757).

Osteological research on the genus Kentropyx from Argentina and revalidation of the specific status for Kentropyx lagartija (Gallardo, 1962) (Squamata: Teiidae)

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Osteological research on the genus Kentropyx from Argentina and revalidation of the specific status for Kentropyx lagartija (Gallardo, 1962) (Squamata: Teiidae)

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