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Rapid onset of mafic magmatism facilitated by volcanic edifice collapse
Authors
T Adachi
G Boudon
+25 more
C Breitkreuz
M Cassidy
SL Colas
M Coussens
M Edmonds
D Endo
A Fujinawa
T Gernon
MJ Hornbach
E Inglis
O Ishizuka
M Jutzeler
KS Kataoka
A Le Friant
F Maeno
M Manga
MC Mccanta
A Michalik
MR Palmer
PJ Talling
Y Tamura
RN Taylor
D Wall-Palmer
F Wang
SFL Watt
Publication date
1 January 2015
Publisher
eScholarship, University of California
Abstract
©2015. The Authors. Volcanic edifice collapses generate some of Earth's largest landslides. How such unloading affects the magma storage systems is important for both hazard assessment and for determining long-term controls on volcano growth and decay. Here we present a detailed stratigraphic and petrological analyses of volcanic landslide and eruption deposits offshore Montserrat, in a subduction zone setting, sampled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 340. A large (6-10km3) collapse of the Soufrière Hills Volcano at ~130ka was followed by explosive basaltic volcanism and the formation of a new basaltic volcanic center, the South Soufrière Hills, estimated to have initiated <100years after collapse. This basaltic volcanism was a sharp departure from the andesitic volcanism that characterized Soufrière Hills' activity before the collapse. Mineral-melt thermobarometry demonstrates that the basaltic magma's transit through the crust was rapid and from midcrustal depths. We suggest that this rapid ascent was promoted by unloading following collapse
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Last time updated on 25/12/2021