The protection of the marine environment and the new convention on salvage, 1989

Abstract

Nova Međunarodna konvencija o spašavanju iz 1989. godine veliku pažnju posvećuje i zaštiti morskoga okoliša. Osobito su značajne odredbe čl.14., koje uvodeći tzv. posebnu naknadu korigiraju \u27\u27no cure - no pay\u27\u27 načelo na kojem se ipak i nova Konvencija zasniva. Odredbe čl.14. kumulativno zahtijevaju ispunjenje dvaju uvjeta da bi se pristupilo odmjeravanju posebne naknade. Spašavatelj mora obaviti operacije spašavanja broda, koji je sam ili svojim teretom prijetio štetom za okoliš. Zatim, spašavatelj nije uspio u spašavanju jer nije spasio imovinu (ili imovinu određene vrijednosti) koja bi mu bila osnovica za utvrđivanje nagrade prema (tradicionalnim) kriterijima, a ta nagrada bi bila barem u visini posebne naknade. A posebna naknada, koja se može zahtijevati samo od vlasnika broda u opasnosti, bit će u visini troškova koje je imao spašavaelj. U Konvenciji se definiraju troškovi spašavatelja. Ako je pak spašavatelj svojim operacijama spašavanja stvarno spriječio ili umanjio štetu za okoliš, posebna se naknada koju vlasnik mora platiti spašavatelju za priznate troškove, može povisiti do 30 posto od troškova koje je spašavatelj uložio. Čak, ako se to smatra pravednim, sud može dodatno povisiti takvu posebnu naknadu, ali ukupno povećanje nikako ne može biti više od 100 posto troškova koje je spašavatelj imao i koji se priznaju.The new International Convention on Salvage, 1989, devotes a significant part to protection of the marine environment. Especially important is Art. 14 which introduces \u27\u27special compensation\u27\u27 as a corrective means of the traditional \u27\u27no cure - no pay\u27\u27 principle. This means that if the salvor has carried out salvage operations in respect of a vessel which in itself or its cargo threatened damage to the environment and has failed to earn a reward under well-known criteria in art. 13 at least equivalent to the special compensation assessable in accordance with art 14, he shall be entitled to special compensation from the owner of that vessel equivalent to his expenses. Art. 14 paragraph 2 defines the salvor\u27s expenses. If the salvor by his salvage operations has prevented or minimized damage to the environment, the special compensation payable by the owner to the salvor may be increased up to a maximum of 30 percent of the expenses incurred by the salvor. However, the tribunal, if it deems it fair and just to do so and bearing in mind the relevant criteria s3et out in art 13, par.1, may increase such special compensation further, but in no event shall the total increase be more than 100 percent of the expenses incurred by the salvor