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The Prehistoric and Early Mediaeval Settlement of Bentež near Beketinci

Abstract

Tijekom 2007. i 2008. god. Institut za arheologiju iz Zagreba proveo je zaštitna arheološka istraživanja na trasi međunarodne Autoceste Budimpešta – Ploče. Istražen je lokalitet AN 18, na zemljištu Bentež kod Beketinaca, na dionici Osijek – Đakovo. U istočnom dijelu lokaliteta istraženi su ostaci prapovijesnog naselja lasinjske kulture (oko 4000 g. prije Krista) i ranosrednjovjekovnog naselja (10. - 11. st.). Istraženi dio naselja lasinjske kulture sastojao se u svojem zapadnom, radnom, dijelu od brojnih jama za vađenje gline, radnih jama i dvije veće lončarske peći. U istočnom, stambenom, dijelu naselja otkrivene su tri velike zemunice (20 x 30 m) s bunarima na svojem rubnom dijelu, kao i temelji pet nadzemnih kuća. Najveća nadzemna kuća bila je dugačka 30 m i široka 12 m, s tri prostorije i manjom kućom (9 x 5 m, s dvije prostorije) na svojoj južnoj strani. Pronađena je prilična količina keramičkog posuđa i žlica: bikonične i zaobljene zdjele i terine, zdjele na šupljoj nozi sa zadebljanjem u gornjem dijelu te vrčevi s ručkom do oboda, koja je također ponekad ukrašena. Ukrasi su pretežno urezani, udubljeni i žigosani. Osim keramike pronađeno je i nešto litike – ulomci kamenih alatki i sjekire s rupom za nasad drške. U sjeveroistočnom dijelu prapovijesnog naselja otkrivene su tri jame s ranosrednjovjekovnim ulomcima posuda jednostavnih oboda, ukrašenih češljastom valovnicom te ulomcima bikonične duboke posude – kotlića, koji se datiraju od 10. - 11. stoljeća.In 2007 and 2008 the Institute of Archaeology in Zagreb carried out salvage archaeological investigations on the route of the international highway Budapest – Ploče. The investigation took place at the site marked as AN 18, at the plot known as Bentež near Beketinci, on the Osijek – Đakovo section. The remains of a prehistoric settlement of the Lasinja culture (around 4000 BC) and an early mediaeval settlement (10th-11th cent.) were investigated in the eastern part of the site. The investigated part of the settlement of the Lasinja culture consisted in its western, working part, of a number of pits for extraction of clay, working pits and two larger pottery kilns. Three large pit-houses (20 x 30 m) were discovered in the eastern, residential part of the settlement, with wells at their edges, as well as foundations of five above-ground houses. The largest above-ground house was 30 m long and 12 m wide, with three rooms and a smaller house (9 x 5 m, with two rooms) at its southern side. A considerable quantity of ceramic vessels and spoons was found: biconical and round bowls and tureens, bowls on a hollow foot with a thickening in the upper part, and beakers with a handle – sometimes decorated – that reaches the rim. The ornaments were mostly incised, impressed and stamped. In addition to the ceramics, there were also few lithic finds – fragments of stone tools and shaft-hole axes. Three pits with fragments of early mediaeval vessels with simple rims, decorated with a comb-like wave-line and fragments of a deep biconical vessel – ceramic kettel, dated to the 10th-11th cent., were found in the northeastern part of the prehistoric settlement

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