The aim of the present study was to determine differences of amount and composition of milk between conventional and organic systems in Istrian pramenka breed of sheep. Sum of the data included 838 conventional and 9238 organic samples of ewes´ milk. Each farm is classified as organic from the date of entering in organic production. Before that date farms didn´t show characteristics of organic production, therefore they were classified as conventional. The results of the present study included higher amount of morning (353.10 g) and evening milk (361.39 g) in conventional compared to morning (342.76 g) and evening milk (345.69) in organic system, significantly influenced by number of lactation (P<0.001), breeding system and breeder interaction (P<0.001). Higher content of fat in conventional system was significantly influenced by breeding system (P<0.05), breeding system and breeder interaction (P<0.001), number of lactation (P<0.01) and lactation length (P<0.001). Lower protein content in conventional system was influenced significantly by breeding system and breeder interaction (P<0.001), litter size (P<0.05) and lactation length (P<0.001). Content of lactose was higher in organic system (3.93%) compared to conventional system (3.84%) significantly influenced by breeding system (P<0.01) and number of lactation (P<0.001). According to results, differences between conventional and organic systems are the mostly influenced by breeder in Slovenia

Dragomir Kompan

Klemen Potočnik

Zvonko Antunović

Željka Klir

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271Agriculturae Conspectus Scientifi cus . Vol. 78 (2013) No. 3 (271-274)ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPERSummaryTh e aim of the present study was to determine diff erences of amount and composition of milk between conventional and organic systems in Istrian pramenka breed of sheep. Sum of the data included 838 conventional and 9238 organic samples of eweś  milk. Each farm is classifi ed as organic from the date of entering in organic production. Before that date farms didń t show characteristics of organic production, therefore they were classifi ed as conventional. Th e results of the present study included higher amount of morning (353.10 g) and evening milk (361.39 g) in conventional compared to morning (342.76 g) and evening milk (345.69) in organic system, signifi cantly infl uenced by number of lactation (P<0.001), breeding system and breeder interaction (P<0.001). Higher content of fat in conventional system was signifi cantly infl uenced by breeding system (P<0.05), breeding system and breeder interaction (P<0.001), number of lactation (P<0.01) and lactation length (P<0.001). Lower protein content in conventional system was infl uenced signifi cantly by breeding system and breeder interaction (P<0.001), litter size (P<0.05) and lactation length (P<0.001). Content of lactose was higher in organic system (3.93%) compared to conventional system (3.84%) signifi cantly infl uenced by breeding system (P<0.01) and number of lactation (P<0.001). According to results, diff erences between conventional and organic systems are the mostly infl uenced by breeder in Slovenia.Key wordsconventional system, organic system, milk composition, Istrian pramenkaComparison of Milk Production Traits by Istrian Pramenka between Conventional and Organic Systems in Slovenia Željka KLIR 1Klemen POTOČNIK 2Zvonko ANTUNOVIĆ 1Dragomir KOMPAN 2 ( )1 Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, Kralja Petra Svačića 1d, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia e-mail: Drago.Kompan@bf.uni-lj.si2 Biotechnical faculty, Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, SloveniaReceived: April 20, 2013 | Accepted: June 17, 2013Agric. conspec. sci. Vol. 78 (2013) No. 3272 Željka KLIR, Klemen POTOČNIK, Zvonko ANTUNOVIĆ, Dragomir KOMPANIntroductionIstrian pramenka is Croatian (Mioč et al., 2009) and Slovenian (Kompan et al., 1999) autochthonous breed of sheep. It is tra-ditionally bred in Slovenia regions of Karst and Istria (Kužner et al., 2005) as well as in Istrian peninsula, the part of Croatia. Despite the fact that, in original, Istrian pramenka belongs to breeds of combined production (milk-meat-wool), according to aim of production, breeding goal and production traits it can be classifi ed as typical dairy breed (Vrdoljak et al., 2012). Th e autochthonous breeds are well adaptable and resistant on the environmental conditions of certain area, therefore suitable for organic farming. According to Vrdoljak et al. (2012) Istrian pra-menka, by effi  ciency of milk production, may be compared with the breeds with highest milk production in the world. By developing of organic agriculture it is possible to reduce the negative infl uence of agricultural technology on environ-ment and to improve the quality of obtained products, because of the use of pesticides, organic compounds, exciters for grow-ing, veterinary drugs and antibiotics are restricted in organic agriculture (Zagorska and Ciprovica, 2008). Results from lit-erature showed very contradictory diff erences in amount and milk composition between conventional and organic farming system, although some of them showed no signifi cant diff er-ences. Results are diff erent from case to case. Battaglini et al. (2009) found signifi cant (P<0.05) diff erences between milk yield of cows raised on organic pasture in comparison with cowś  milk of pastures in conventional system that had lower milk yield. Th ese authors also found signifi cant higher milk content of protein in conventional system, but no signifi cant diff erences in content of fat and lactose between organic and conventional systems. In contrary, Kastelic and Kompan (2008) found sig-nifi cantly (P<0.001) higher milk yield of ewes in conventional system compared to organic. However, Olivo et al. (2005) found signifi cantly (P<0.05) higher milk yield from cows in agro-eco-logical system compared to conventional system. Pirisi et al. (2001) found signifi cant (P<0.01) higher milk yield from ewes in organic system compared to conventional (1.44:1.12 kg). In the study by Zagorska and Ciprovica (2008) the content of fat and lactose was higher in organic cowś  milk samples.According to mentioned data the aim of the present research was to determine signifi cant diff erences in eweś  milk yield and milk composition of the Istrian pramenka between convention-al and organic systems in farms of Slovenia from the data col-lected during 12 years.Material and methodsTh e present research is based on the data from Slovenian selection program for sheep. Data were selected from conven-tional and organic dairy farms of Istrian pramenka sheep. Milk recording from conventional farms were carried out from year 2000 until 2010, while in organic farms were from 2001 until 2012 year. Each farm is classifi ed as organic from the date of entering in organic production. Before that date, in our study, farms and the data from that time were classifi ed as convention-al. Sum of the data included 838 conventional and 9238 organic samples of eweś  milk. Th e basic information about farms and some dairy traits are given in table 1.Th e farms had season production, and lambing in the begin-ning of year. Lambs were suckling 60-90 days followed by ma-chine milking. During winter ewes were in barn while in organic system ewes had also fenced outlet near barn. Feeding for all ewes was based on the hay except a month before lambing when they were fed with 0.5-0.6 kg of concentrates. In organic production feedstuff s were organic origin. In the beginning of milking all the ewes were on the pastures in the Slovenian Karst area at the altitude of 300-1000 m. Milking was conducted two times per day (morning and evening milking) from April until July, and once per day in the August. Aft er that, rams were placed in the herd of ewes for the mating. Two organic farms were conventional before entering in or-ganic production. Aft er transfer from conventional to organic system farms used organic concentrates in the diets of ewes, and used the mineral fertilizer for the feed production, as well as treatment against parasites according to criteria of the Council Regulations of the European Union.Studied traits were: yield of morning milk, yield of even-ing milk, content of fat, protein and lactose in every sample of milk. Morning milk yield (MM), evening milk (NM), content of fat (F), content of protein (P) and content of lactose (L) were analysed with a linear statistic model (GLM procedure, SAS, 9.3) using breeding system (S), S*B (breeding system*breeder), number of lactation (NL), litter size (LS) and lactation length (LL) as fi xed variables. We estimated the LSMEAN of the in-vestigated variables.Results and discussionTh e results from the present research are presented in table 2. Th e amount of milk, both morning and evening samples were not infl uenced by breeding system which is in accordance with Martinez et al. (2009). Amount of milk was higher in conven-tional system, signifi cantly infl uenced by number of lactation (P<0.001), breeding system and breeder interaction (P<0.001). In conventional system 92% of ewes were from 1st to 4th lacta-tion compared to animals from organic system where there were 76% animals in mentioned number lactation. Gabiña et al. (1993.) observed that milk yield of ewes increase from 1st to 4th  Indicators Breeding systemConventional OrganicNumber of sheep 116 885Number of farms 3 4The year of dairy control 2000-2010 2001-2012Average lactation length (days) 213.97 197.30Average number of lactation 2.21 3.15Farm number Number of samples per farm252 566 1879417 245 293325 27 -289 - 6353312 - 713Total number of samples 838 9238Table 1. Basic farm diff erences and some dairy traits between breeding systemsAgric. conspec. sci. Vol. 78 (2013) No. 3273Comparison of Milk Production Traits by Istrian Pramenka between Conventional and Organic Systems in Slovenialactation progressively and aft er that milk yield is decreasing, which agrees with results from our study. Breeding systems and breeder interaction signifi cantly (P<0.001) infl uenced the amount of morning and evening milk, as well as content of fat and pro-tein. Th e reason for this is the fact that organic farms diff ered in many aspects from the conventional systems, although there were considerable individual diff erences in farm management (Bloksma et al. 2008). Fat content was 7.72% and 7.48% in conventional and organ-ic system, respectively. Higher content of fat was signifi cantly infl uenced by breeding system (P<0.05) which is in accordance with results obtained in cowś  milk by Olivo et al. (2005) and Slots et al. (2009). Higher content of fat in conventional system was also infl uenced signifi cantly (P<0.01) by number of lacta-tion which is in accordance with results of Kremer et al. (1996) that observed increasing fat content of sheep with increase of age or number of lactation. Ewes from conventional system, in our study, were in a lactation in average for 213.97 days com-pared to ewes from organic system that were in lactation period for 197.30 days that means more milk and lower content of fat and protein. Although, results from our research showed higher content of fat in conventional milk where amount of milk was higher. It may be due to feeding cause content of proteins and fats are infl uenced by feeding the most (Toledo et al., 2003). Higher amount of milk is in negative correlation with content of protein that was observed by Vrdoljak et al. (2012) in Istrian pramenka. Ewes in organic system had signifi cantly (P<0.001) higher protein content infl uenced by shorter lactation length. Pacinovski et al. (2007) observed higher content of protein in Awassi ewes with shorter length of lactation.Content of lactose was higher in organic system (3.93%) com-pared to conventional system (3.84%). Th ere was a signifi cant (P<0.01) infl uence of breeding system on the content of lactose which is in accordance with Kastelic and Kompan (2008) and Olivo et al. (2005). Signifi cant infl uence of number of lactation on the lactose content was may be due to higher number of ewes that were in 5th to 11th lactation. Mentioned ewes had lower con-tent of milk fat compered to conventional ewes. In our research lactose content was in opposite connection with fat content. Antunović et al. (2001) observed negative correlation between content of milk fat and content of lactose.ConclusionTh e results of the research showed higher amount of milk in conventional compared to organic system. Diff erences betw een conventional and organic systems in amount of milk, fat and protein content were mostly infl uenced by breeder and it diff ers from farm to farm in Slovenia. Breeding system had infl uence only on the content of fat and lactose resulting in decrease of fat and increase of lactose in organic milk.ReferencesAntunović Z., Steiner Z., Senčić Đ., Mandić M., Klapec T. (2001). Changes in ewe milk composition depending on lactation stage and feeding season. Czech J Anim Sci 46: 75-82Battaglini L. M., Renna M., Garda A., Lussiana C., Malfatto V., Mimosi A., Bianchi M. (2009). Comparing milk yield, chemi-cal properties and somatic cell count from organic and conven-tional mountain systems. Ital J Anim Sci 8: 384-386Bloksma J., Adriaansen-Tennekes R., Huber M., P. L. Van de Vijver L., Baars T., de Wit J. (2008). Comparison of organic and conventional raw milk quality in Netherlands. 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Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 48:264 Indicators Breeding system Effects (Significance) R2Conventional Organic N LSMean N LSMean S S*B NL LS LL LL*LLMM (g) 835 353.10 9114 342.76 NS *** *** NS NS NS 0.083NM (g) 832 361.39 8401 345.69 NS *** *** NS NS NS 0.081F (%) 832 7.72 8852 7.48 * *** ** NS *** *** 0.083P (%) 833 6.06 8852 6.13 NS *** NS * *** *** 0.047L (%) 822 3.84 8849 3.93 ** NS *** NS NS NS 0.957MM-morning milk; NM-evening milk; F-fat content; P-protein content; L-lactose content; N-number of samples; S-breeding system; B-breeder; NL-number of lactation; LS-litter size;   LL-lactation length; NS-not significant;***P<0,001; **P<0,01; *P<0,05 Table 2. Number of milk samples and mean values between conventional and organic breeding systems, with signifi cance level infl uenced by breeding system, breeding system and breeder interaction, number of lactation, litter size, and lactation length on the composition and amount of milkAgric. conspec. sci. 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Comparison of Milk Production Traits by Istrian Pramenka between Conventional and Organic Systems in Slovenia

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