Demographic Frame and Development of Family Structure of the Croatian Population from 1971-2001

Abstract

U ovome su prilogu istraživani obiteljska struktura stanovništva Hrvatske te promjene u njezinom razvoju u posljednjih trideset godina (1971. – 2001.). U tom smislu sažeto su vrednovani i najvažniji demografski i društveno-gospodarski činitelji promjena u obiteljskoj slici. Ustanovljena je uzročno-posljedična povezanost demografskog razvoja Hrvatske i promjena u obiteljskom sastavu te kretanju nupcijaliteta i divorcijaliteta. Suvremena se obitelj znatno razlikuje od tradicionalne, ne samo po svojemu mjestu u društvu, nego i po svojoj unutarnjoj strukturi i odnosima, kao i po demografskim obilježjima. Procesi industrijalizacije, urbanizacije, deagrarizacije, deruralizacije, modernizacije i drugi, umnogome su promijenili mjesto, ulogu i važnost braka i obitelji u Hrvatskoj. Obitelj sve više postaje nepoželjna, ili barem neatraktivna društvena institucija. Zanemaruje se roditeljska uloga braka i obitelji. Na poželjnosti dobivaju izvanbračne zajednice, koje očito osiguravaju dovoljno osobne slobode partnerima radi zadovoljena njihovih profesionalnih ili drugih potreba. Demografski kontekst razvoja obiteljske strukture stanovništva Hrvatske postaje sve nepovoljniji. U tom smislu na osobit način trebamo apostrofirati dva dugoročna i globalna demografska procesa izrazito depopulacijskih značajki – dugoročni ubrzani pad nataliteta i demografsko starenje. To su najakutniji i najaktualniji demografski problemi Hrvatske danas, koji izravno impliciraju poremećaje u razvoju obiteljske slike hrvatskoga stanovništva. Pad broja sklopljenih brakova, porast broja izvanbračnih zajednica, porast udjela samohranih majki i očeva u obiteljskoj strukturi te sve izraženiji porast broja djece rođene izvan braka, ističu nužnost koncipiranja i provedbe različitih jedinstvenih mjera populacijske i obiteljske politike (strategije) koje će voditi računa o suvremenim procesima u razvoju obiteljske slike hrvatskoga stanovništva.The paper deals with the investigation on the family structure of the Croatian population and changes in its development over the past thirty years (1971–2001). The most important demographic and socio-economic factors that lead to changes in the family structure were summarized and evaluated. The interrelation of cause and effect between the demographic development of Croatia and the changes in the family composition as well as the trends of nuptiality and divorce-rate was established. The contemporary family differs significantly from the traditional one not only by its place in society but also by its inner structure and relationship as well as demographic features. The processes of industrialization, urbanization, deagrarization, deruralization, modernization and others, have greatly changed the place, role and importance of marriage and family in Croatia. The family is becoming more undesirable or at least an unattractive social institution. The parental role in marriage and in family has been neglected. More favourable are extramarital couples, who obviously ensure enough personal freedom to both of partners to satisfy their own professional and other needs. The demographic context of development in the family structure of the Croatian population is becoming all the more unfavourable. In view of this, two long-term and global demographic processes concerning depopulation indicators should be emphasized: long-term fast decrease of birth-rate and demographic aging. These are the most acute and current demographic problems in Croatia today, which directly implies disturbance in the development of the family structure of the Croatian population. The decrease in the number of marriages, increase in the number of extramarital couples, increase in the number of single mothers and fathers in the family structure and the great significance in the increase in the number of children born out of wedlock, exemplify the necessity to create and carry out different unique measures of population and family politics (strategies) which will follow the contemporary processes in the family development of the Croatian population

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