Busch, H

Hachim, MY

Hamoudi, R

Mahboub, B

English

PubMed

UCL Discovery

EDITORIALpublished: 11 March 2022doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.790475Frontiers in Medicine | www.frontiersin.org 1 March 2022 | Volume 9 | Article 790475Edited and reviewed by:Laurent Pierre Nicod,University of Lausanne, Switzerland*Correspondence:Bassam Mahboubdrbassam_mahboub@yahoo.comSpecialty section:This article was submitted toPulmonary Medicine,a section of the journalFrontiers in MedicineReceived: 06 October 2021Accepted: 24 January 2022Published: 11 March 2022Citation:Mahboub B, Hamoudi R, Hachim MYand Busch H (2022) Editorial:Biomarkers in Pulmonary Diseases.Front. Med. 9:790475.doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.790475Editorial: Biomarkers in PulmonaryDiseasesBassam Mahboub 1*, Rifat Hamoudi 2,3, Mahmood Yaseen Hachim 4 and Hauke Busch 51 Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2College of Medicine, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University ofSharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, 3Division of Surgery and Internventional Science, University College London,London, United Kingdom, 4Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai,United Arab Emirates, 5University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyKeywords: artificial intelligence, pulmonary, biomarker, genes, clinicalEditorial on the Research TopicBiomarkers in Pulmonary DiseasesThe incidence of pulmonary diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), and different types of lung cancer are on the rise worldwide and will most likely continueto do so with ubiquitous air pollution and climate change, including extreme weather conditions.According to the World Health Organization, pulmonary diseases like COPD are among theleading causes of death. Lower respiratory infections are the third and fourth leading causes ofdeath, especially in low-income countries. These diseases present themselves as highly complexand heterogeneous concerning diagnosis, treatment, or even prevention. Therefore, elucidating thedisease etiology is essential to identify biomarkers for early detection, treatment, relapse, and apersonalized approach to disease management.This Research Topic gathers different contributions highlighting novel ways of clinicalstratification of patients, gathering molecular markers for disease based on molecular diagnostics,novel omics, imaging, and screening technology. These approaches allow us to shed light on clinicaloutcomes and putative treatment schemes in the future.Novel molecular markers for asthma, respiratory syndromes, and lung cancer have beenproposed through cohort studies. Two case reports suggest novel molecular markers for rare typesof lung cancer, which might be ideal proxies for more extensive cohort studies. In five cases ofpulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma, Aramini et al. found elevated levels of ALDH and SOX-2and provided the first hint at their usefulness as a biomarker. The authors further present two casesof primary angiosarcoma of the lung in which they report on ALDH as a marker for poor outcomeas well, which should be confirmed in a larger study.In a retrospective study of 308 patients, Lu et al. proposed the albumin to globulin ratio as aprognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer, while Yu et al. correlated PD-L1 expression basedon tumor location and TTF-1 expression with poor outcome and potential for immunotherapy.Molecular markers for respiratory diseases from larger cohort studies were proposed by ZhangR. et al. who present the analysis of a study of 133 pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients,in which they found a significantly lower extracellular SOD in patients with BMPR2 mutations andpropose this to be a vital antioxidant enzyme in the pathogenesis of IPAH.Zhang W. et al. confirmed the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in a cohort of more than 1100patients as a predictor for short-term survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Using seven clinical variables, Liu et al. developed a survival predictor with online access toevaluate acute respiratory distress syndrome.Several manuscripts used omics approaches to identify novel markers, as such Kim etal. investigated metabolic fingerprinting for tuberculosis and smoking-induced COPD. In atranscriptome analysis of 60 blood samples from 30 asthmatics vs. healthy controls, Elena-Pérezet al. identified IL5RA as a pharmacogenetic biomarker in asthma. Hachim et al. measuredMahboub et al. Editorial: Biomarkers in Pulmonary DiseasesAmphiregulin mRNA and protein in the blood, saliva, andbronchial biopsies samples from asthmatic patients and found itsexpression to be highly correlated with the disease.Two papers demonstrate the usefulness of geneticassociation studies in the detection of novel genesand mechanisms. Raita et al. used genotype data fromtwo large population studies, the INTERVAL and theUK Biobank, comprising more than 500,000 people,and the recent Mendelian randomization approach toconfirm a causal effect with a significantly higher riskof asthma with soluble IL6 receptors. Gandhi et al.found a complex genetic association with mutations insurfactant proteins with hypersensitivity pneumonitis in theMexican population.With the recent worldwide SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, severalpapers developed novel diagnostic tools for COVID-19 basedon either molecular or imaging data. For example, Chen etal. suggested carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in evaluatingthe severity and prognosis of COVID-19 in a cohort of 46death and 68 discharged cases from the hospital. Yoo et al.developed a classifier for COVID-19 diagnosis from chest X-ray imaging, while Carvalho et al. derived radiological imagingpatterns to quantify the extent of pulmonary involvementin COVID-19.Imaging has also proven helpful for the diagnosis of thelung and respiratory organs in a clinical context. For this Yeet al. proposed a novel speckle-tracking algorithm for rightdiaphragm deformation analysis to detect abnormalities inrespiratory movement.Beyond genetic and transcriptomic information, alsoexosomes, membrane-bound extracellular vehicles (EVs)have moved into the focus of research as putativemodulators of respiratory disease. Wang et al. reviewedthe potential roles of exosomes in COPD as intercellularcommunication devices, which will probably gainmore attention soon. Zhang R. et al. commented onthe role of circulating serum exosomes and their rolein inducing pulmonary inflammation during acutelung inflammation.CONCLUSION THOUGHTSOver the past 5 years, health sciences and medicine haveprogressed rapidly and swiftly by the wealth of informationcoming from understanding mechanisms of diseases.Most of the advances happened because disease presentationsrely on omics, which understand that the genetic makeup of thehuman being will transform into the transcription of specificmessages carried by mRNA to be finally present as protein.Proteins usually show themselves as a clinical phenotype in apatient with a particular disease presentation.This wealth of big data was difficult to navigate without usingthe power of computing sciences and mainly machine learningwith artificial intelligence.When biology meets mathematics, great advances inunderstanding and progression in problem-solving will happen.I hope readers will enjoy this unique issue, which touches thesurface of what current and futuremedicine of pulmonary diseaselooks like.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSBM,MH, andHBwere responsible for the conception of the idea.All authors approved the final manuscript for publication.Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that the research was conducted in theabsence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as apotential conflict of interest.Publisher’s Note: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authorsand do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those ofthe publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated inthis article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed orendorsed by the publisher.Copyright © 2022 Mahboub, Hamoudi, Hachim and Busch. This is an open-accessarticle distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCBY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, providedthe original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the originalpublication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with theseterms.Frontiers in Medicine | www.frontiersin.org 2 March 2022 | Volume 9 | Article 790475

Editorial: Biomarkers in Pulmonary Diseases

http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.790475

Editorial: Biomarkers in Pulmonary Diseases

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

UCL Discovery