Most research on inequality in pre-industrial economies has focused on either wealth or
income, generating not readily comparable results. In this paper,we use a unique data set of
Spain circa 1750 including information on (among other things) wealth and income for the
same sample of households. Our findings provide methodological insights showing that a
household’s position in the income distribution is strongly correlated with its position in the
wealth distribution but is also influenced by several other household specific characteristics
like human capital of the head of the household and the economic sector of her/his main
occupation.Both authors acknowledge financial support from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and FEDER through grant HAR2016-77794-R. Esteban A. Nicolini acknowledges financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Argentina, through PICT 2429-2013
