Although hemp is one of the earliest domesticated plant species, the breeding of hemp has long been neglected. In the new millennium, interest in hemp as a universal renewable raw material is growing rapidly. The high and stable yield of air-dried stems (over 15 t ha-1) with a high content (over 35%) of quality fibers and grains (over 1 t ha-1) are general objectives of breeding of new hemp varieties all over the world. Following various breeding procedures, the content of plant active substances cannabinoids and natural biocompounds can be also elevated. The plant content of A9-THC, a psychoactive cannabinoid, must be maintained below the legal maximum. Breeding methods for creating genetically modified hemp exist, but still are not applied in hemp production.lako je konoplja jedna od prvih odomaćenih biljnih vrsta, plansko selekcionisanje i oplemenjivanje konoplje dugo su zanemarivani. U novom milenijumu interesovanje za konopljom kao univerzalnom obnovljivom sirovinom naglo raste. Visok i stabilan prinos vazdušno suve stabljike (preko 15 t ha-1) s visokim sadržajem (preko 35%) kvalitetnih vlakana i zrna (preko 1 t ha-1) glavni su ciljevi oplemenjivačkih programa konoplje širom sveta. Različitim metodama i tehnikama oplemenjivanja moguće je povećati i sadržaj biljnih aktivnih komponenti - kanabinoida i prirodnih biomolekula. Sadrzaj A9-THC- psihoaktivnog kanabinoida u biljnom materijalu ne sme prelaziti zakonski maksimum. Metode za stvaranje genetski modifikovane konoplje postoje, ali još uvek se ne primjenjuju u oplemenjivanju
