Gómez-Estaca, Joaquín

Martinez-Alvarez, Oscar

Oterhals, Åge

Vega-Fernández, Christina de la

English

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This work has been performed under project Unlocking novel product possibilities and barriers for commercial utilization of whitefish residual raw materials onboard factory trawler (WHITEFISH) financed by The Research Council of Norway.Potential antihypertensive effect of protein by-products from whitefish filleting after simulated gastrointestinal digestionCristina de la Vega-Fernández1, Joaquín Gómez-Estaca1, Age Oterhals2, Oscar Martínez-Alvarez1*1 Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN, CSIC). C/ José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid (Spain)2 NOFIMA Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Bergen (Norway)*e-mail: oscar.martinez@ictan.csic.esMETHODOLOGYMuscle trimmingsVisceraHeads, bones and skins (HBS)BY-PRODUCTSBY-PRODUCTSPress Cake (non-soluble protein)PROCESSINGBy-products were ground, cooked, and separated into press cake and stickwaterby pressing and centrifugationSIMULATED GASTROINTESTINAL DIGESTION (SGID)With pepsin and pancreatin at optimum pH and 37ºCDIGESTEDAngiotensin ConvertingEnzyme (ACE-1) inhibitory capacityFluorescenceMolecular weight (MW) distributionSize Exclusion ChromatographyStickwater(soluble protein) (freeze dried)CONCLUSIONViscera derived from the filleting of high-value fishspecies on board fishing vessels could be used as asource of soluble and non-soluble protein of interestas a food ingredient with antihypertensive potential.Protein fractions derived from other processing by-products such as muscle trimmings or heads, bonesand skins are also of great interest for their bioactivepotential, although their digests show a lowercapacity to inhibit ACE.INTRODUCTIONWhitefish factory vessels generate thousands of tons of raw material (head, backbone, skin, viscera and trimmings) which, despite their high nutritionalvalue, are hardly utilized due to the lack of economic incentives and viable technology on board. The development of a by-product processing technologyon board fishing vessels would make it possible to obtain, from this raw material, different fractions such as water-soluble proteins, non-soluble proteinpowder and lipids, which could be used as food ingredients, contributing to improving the sustainable use of the world's fishery resources. In addition,gastrointestinal digestion of the protein fractions could release peptides with a bioactive potential that deserve to be studied. Within this context, theaim of this work is to investigate the ACE-inhibitory activity of protein concentrates derived from the filleting of four whitefish species (haddock-Melanogrammus aeglefinus-, redfish -Sebastes norvegicus-, cod -Gadus morhua- and saithe -Pollachius virens-) and subjected to simulatedgastrointestinal digestion, to determine their potential as antihypertensive ingredients.The non-soluble protein digests presented in almostall cases a predominant fraction of peptides withMW around 1-1.3 kDa, and to a lesser extentpeptides with MW around 535 and 310 Da. Thehighest MW fraction was absent in the solubleprotein digests, which were rich in small peptides,presumably dipeptides.All digests showed ACE inhibitory capacity at verylow concentrations (100 µg/ml). The highest ACEinhibitory capacity was observed in the visceradigests. Despite the differences observed in themolecular profile, the ACE-inhibitory capacity ofsoluble and non-soluble protein digests was verysimilar, suggesting that certain residues present atspecific positions in the peptide chain would beresponsible for the inhibition.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION RESULTSInhibition of ACE-1 activity Molecular weight distributionNON-SOLUBLE PROTEIN SOLUBLE PROTEINHADDOCKSample Dalton (Da)Distribution (%)Main molecular weight (Da)Distribution (%)Main molecular weight (Da)>1000 59 1300 - -1000-500 16 535 11 762<500 26 313 89 208>1000 30 - - -1000-500 29 900 6 743<500 41 316 94 260>1000 13 1230 - -1000-500 21 818 25 518<500 65 435 75 279HBSMuscle trimmingsVisceraNON-SOLUBLE PROTEIN SOLUBLE PROTEINREDFISHSample Dalton (Da)Distribution (%)Main molecular weight (Da)Distribution (%)Main molecular weight (Da)>1000 51 1284 - -1000-500 19 534 21 507<500 30 311 79 263>1000 38 1148 - -1000-500 22 534 5 705<500 40 310 95 193>1000 42 1159 - -1000-500 20 536 17 508<500 37 313 83 260HBSMuscle trimmingsVisceraNON-SOLUBLE PROTEIN SOLUBLE PROTEINCODSample Dalton (Da)Distribution (%)Main molecular weight (Da)Distribution (%)Main molecular weight (Da)>1000 61 1316 - -1000-500 15 537 11 501<500 24 313 89 209>1000 47 1217 - -1000-500 20 545 5 791<500 32 300 95 261>1000 42 1019 - -1000-500 22 537 23 514<500 37 314 77 206HBSMuscle trimmingsVisceraNON-SOLUBLE PROTEIN SOLUBLE PROTEINSAITHESample Dalton (Da)Distribution (%)Main molecular weight (Da)Distribution (%)Main molecular weight (Da)>1000 58 1282 - -1000-500 16 538 14 796<500 26 314 86 206>1000 47 1282 - -1000-500 20 544 4 774<500 33 306 96 202>1000 43 1069 - -1000-500 20 533 24 523<500 37 309 76 271VisceraHBSMuscle trimmingsNON-SOLUBLE PROTEIN SOLUBLE PROTEIN

Potential antihypertensive effect of protein by-products from whitefish filleting after simulated gastrointestinal digestion

NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives

https://nofima.brage.unit.no/nofima-xmlui/bitstream/11250/3033196/1/WEFTA%2b2022_Poster%2bWhitefish%2bversi%25C3%25B3n%2bfinal%2b2022-10-14.pdf

Potential antihypertensive effect of protein by-products from whitefish filleting after simulated gastrointestinal digestion

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