Velocity field and transverse dispersion in vegetated flows
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Abstract
In recent years aquatic vegetation has become more accepted and important in the river restoration schemes and preserving river ecology. The purpose of this thesis is
to investigate the influence of emergent vegetation on velocity and turbulence fields in order to have a better understanding of the effect of vegetation on the transverse
mixing processes. To achieve this objective, a series of experiments was conducted in an open channel flume with emergent rigid rods in both staggered and aligned
arrangements. Detailed velocity, turbulence and dye tracer measurement were carried out for six vegetation densities relating to solid volume fractions (SVF) in the
range 0.51 % to 7.79 %. In sparse vegetation (SVF < 10 %) as expected the normalised spatially-averaged longitudinal velocity reduces as the vegetation density increases with approximately 30 % to 50 % reduction when the solid volume
fraction is doubled. Results indicated that in sparse vegetation, the normalised turbulence intensities increased with increasing solid volume fraction. The bulk drag
coefficient increased with increasing vegetation density whilst decreased with increasing stem Reynolds number. The transverse mixing coefficient increases with
both increasing vegetation density and stem Reynolds number. The current study showed that for sparse vegetation (SVF < 10%), the transverse mixing coefficient
has a stronger correlation with turbulence intensity compared to transverse shear.
Therefore indicating that within sparse vegetated flows, turbulence dominates over transverse shear in transverse mixing. In addition to that, transverse mixing also
correlate better with double-averaged turbulence intensity compared to turbulent kinetic energy. This reflects that the turbulence in the longitudinal direction plays a
greater contribution to the overall transverse dispersion than the contribution of the total turbulence in all three directions. Finally two vegetation transverse dispersions
models proposed by other researcher for randomly distributed vegetation were tested against data from the current study. Both models were found to predict reasonably
well