Hangs, R.D.

Schoenau, J.J.

English

eCommons@USASK

The response of wheat to rates, forms, and application method of copper fertilizer in a range of prairie soils

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive

The Response of Wheat to Rates, Forms, And Application Method of Copper Fertilizer in a Range of Prairie SoilsRyan Hangs and Jeff SchoenauDepartment of Soil ScienceSoil Copper Research: Why?• The micronutrient most likely to be deficient in prairie soils.• Cereals, especially wheat, are most sensitive to low soil Cu supply.Leaf Pig-tailing(Cu-deficiency)• Essential micronutrient involved in  physiological processes (e.g., enzymes, photosynthesis, and respiration).Soil Copper Research: Why?Empty Heads(Cu-deficiency)• Essential micronutrient involved in  physiological processes (e.g., enzymes, photosynthesis, and respiration).• The micronutrient most likely to be deficient in prairie soils.• Cereals, especially wheat, are most sensitive to low soil Cu supply.• Limited understanding of micronutrient (Cu, Zn, and B) fertilizer interactions.• Uncertainty regarding identifying soil Cu deficiency and applying fertilizer = risky business.Objectives• Examine the effect of different forms (salt and chelated), rates (0.5 to 5 kg actual/ha), and application methods (foliar or banded) of Cu, Zn, and B fertilizers in a variety of prairie soils on the yield and nutrient uptake of wheat, peas, and canola.Objectives• Examine the effect of different forms (salt and chelated), rates (0.5 to 5 kg actual/ha), and application methods (foliar or banded) of Cu, Zn, and B fertilizers in a variety of prairie soils on the yield and nutrient uptake of wheat, peas, and canola.Objectives• Develop an improved method for detecting micronutrient deficiency across a broad range of western Canadian soil types.• Identify any micronutrient fertilizer interactions during a cereal, pulse, and oilseed crop rotation common on the prairies.• Examine the effect of different forms (salt and chelated), rates (0.5 to 5 kg actual/ha), and application methods (foliar or banded) of Cu, Zn, and B fertilizers in a variety of prairie soils on the yield and nutrient uptake of wheat, peas, and canola.Soil Collection(47 soils)Sarah AndersonLyle CowellDave CubbonGarrett DarbyEmile deMillianoChristian DoelgerNorm FloreEdgar HammermeisterKen HarmsJeremy HodgesRigas KaramanosGary KrugerKristyn MacDonaldKen MoreyGary TophamRandy UsickMany Thanks!!!!!!Growers who let me collect two cans of their “dirt”A Variety of Soils CollectedDiverse array of soil characteristics (texture, organic matter content, pH, carbonates, micronutrient availability, etc.)Copper-Deficient Soils(The Usual Suspects)CALCAREOUSPOLICE  DEPARTMENTPROFILE #: 001241972SANDYPOLICE  DEPARTMENTPROFILE #: 001241999GRAYPOLICE  DEPARTMENTPROFILE #: 001242002PEATPOLICE  DEPARTMENTPROFILE #: 001241874Experimental Design• Two factors, completely randomized design, four replicates• Factor #1: soil type (15 soils; 12 mineral and three organic)• Factor #2: Cu fertilizer (5 treatments):1) Control (i.e., no Cu fertilizer added)2) Foliar CuSO4 (0.25 kg Cu/ha; flag leaf; Feekes 8)3) Foliar EDTA-Cu (0.25 kg Cu/ha; flag leaf; Feekes 8)4) Banded CuSO4 (6 mg Cu/g soil; 5 or 2.5 kg Cu/ha for mineral and organic soils, respectively)5) Banded EDTA-Cu (2 mg Cu/g; 2 or 1 kg Cu/ha for min/org soils)CuSO4(25% Cu)EDTA-Cu(14% Cu)RayRosieHard Red Spring Wheat(AC® Waskada)01234567Yield (g/pot)*Bars with the same letters are not significantly different (P >0.05) using LSD.cAC® Waskada Wheat Grain Yield(Mineral Soils)badaFoliar(Chelated-Cu)Foliar(CuSO4)Banded(Chelated-Cu)Banded(CuSO4)(0.25 kg Cu/ha)(2 kg Cu/ha) (5 kg Cu/ha)Control051015202530Yield (g/pot)cb babAC® Waskada Wheat Grain Yield(Organic Soils)Foliar(Chelated-Cu)Foliar(CuSO4)Banded(Chelated-Cu)Banded(CuSO4)(0.25 kg Cu/ha)(1 kg Cu/ha) (2 kg Cu/ha)Control*Bars with the same letters are not significantly different (P >0.05) using LSD.Variable Growth Response to Copper Fertilizer ControlMineral Soil (Cu deficient)FoliarSoil(Salt)Soil(Chel)Mineral Soil (Cu sufficient)Mineral Soil (Cu sufficient) Organic Soil (Cu deficient)Control FoliarSoil(Salt)Soil(Chel)Control FoliarSoil(Salt)Soil(Chel)Control FoliarSoil(Salt)Soil(Chel)Ion-exchange Resin “Sandwich” MethodQian, P., Schoenau, J.J., and Ziadi, N. 2008. Ion Supply Rates Using Ion-Exchange Resins. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis, Second Edition. Carter, M.R. and Gregorich, E.G. (Eds.)Principal Component Analysis of Wheat Grain Yield Response to Added Cu fertilizers and Selected Soil Properties (Mineral Soils)Component 2 (19.5%)Component 1 (45.8%)DTPA-Resin CuEDTA-Resin Cu DTPA Extractable CuBanded(EDTA-Cu)Organic CClaypHInorganic CBanded(CuSO4)Foliar(CuSO4)Foliar(EDTA-Cu)• Applying foliar Cu corrected the Cu-deficiency symptoms and prevented yield loss in the mineral soils, but not in organic soils.• Banded CuSO4 provided a timely Cu supply; thus, promoting maximum yields in our study, especially with organic soils.• Banded chelated-Cu had mixed results; likely due to direct (toxic) or indirect (Zn deficiency) effects of the relatively high application rates used (1 or 2 kg Cu/ha).• DTPA-Resin appears to be provide a reliable index of soil Cu supply for identifying mineral soils responsive to Cu fertilization, however, field study validation is required.• Foliar CuSO4 was as effective as foliar chelated-Cu for most soils.ConclusionsThank You!!Questions?

https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstream/10388/8832/1/R.D.%20Hangs%20and%20J.J.%20Schoenau%2c%202016a.pdf

The response of wheat to rates, forms, and application method of copper fertilizer in a range of prairie soils

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