Schroeder, C.

Syrovy, L.

English

eCommons@USASK

Increasing faba bean (Vicia faba) seeding rate under weedy and weed free conditions

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive

Increasing Faba Bean (Viciafaba) Seeding Rate Under Weedy and Weed Free ConditionsMarch 6th 2017Cassandra SchroederSupervisor: Lena SyrovyOverview Research background Faba beans (Viciafaba) Weed control Relevance  Experiment Design Results  Emergence Biomass  Yield ConclusionResearch Background → Faba Beans Production SK regional yield trails began in 2006 Over 60 000 acres in SK grown in 2015 Consumption High protein seed ~ 30% HumanTannin Feed Tannin Free(Fleury and Barker, 2016)Research Background → Faba Beans Characteristics of Vicia faba  Legume → N-fixationOver 200 kg/haEven with cooler temperaturesContinues fixation under higher N levels than other legumesEven with application of 200kg/ha N faba bean still derived 60% of N from the atmosphereMore tolerant of wet conditions Good P scavenger High HI and WUE(Hardarson et al. 1991; Solaiman et al. 2007; Sparrow et al. 1995; Turpin et al. 2002)Research Background → Weed Control Weeds = Major yield losses Aprx. 50% Depending on weed species and density Other negative impacts total nitrogen fixation  general plant health(Frenda et al. 2013; Strydhorst et al. 2008) Research Background → Weed Control Chemical Tillage  Cultural  Seeding rate ↑ SR → ↓ weedsEffect more noticeable with higher weed pressure Cultivar choiceCompetitive growth characteristics(Ball et al. 1997; Townley-Smith and Wright, 1994)Research Background → Relevance Organic = Weedy Seeding rate and cultivar for benign weed management  Inc. SR under weedy conditions recommended for other pulses Recommendation for faba beans ~ 45 plants/m2 Faba beans in sustainable farming systems Biological N-fixation ↓ fossil fuel consumption N input and diversification(Baird et al. 2009; Ball et al. 1997; Townley-Smith and Wright, 1994)Research Objective Response of two faba bean varieties to increasing seeding rate under weedy and weed free conditions  Experiment at the Kernen Research Farm  Summer of 2016Treatment Variety WeedinessSeed Rate1 SNSS1 Weedy 202 SNSS1 Weed Free 203 SNSS1 Weedy 404 SNSS1 Weed Free 405 SNSS1 Weedy 606 SNSS1 Weed Free 607 Snowdrop Weedy 208 Snowdrop Weed Free 209 Snowdrop Weedy 4010 Snowdrop Weed Free 4011 Snowdrop Weedy 6012 Snowdrop Weed Free 602Guard3946 7111018127658192510114638129214111278512310529410711631Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Rep 4Guard GuardGuardGuard Guard Guard GuardVarietiesCDC SSNS-1 CDC SnowdropWeediness Weedy or Weed Free Constant seed rate 200 viable seeds/m2 Plant counts showed about 150 plants/m2 wheat in weedy plots Wheat (Triticum aestivum) used as a model weed Clearfield® allowed spraying other weeds Consistent weed pressure in weedy plots Represent grassy weed competition10 cm 20 cmSeeding Rates Viable Seeds/m2  Based on germination tests Ensure both varieties end up with same density204060Experiment Methods Standard faba bean management Sprayed June 1st Data collection Plant density Biomass Yield Analysis - SAS010203040506070800 20 40 60 80Faba bean emergence (plants/m2)Seeding rate (viable seeds/m2)Faba Bean Emergence 71% Emergence Consistent across treatments Less than target SR Need to increase SR by 1.4 to increase plant density by 1/m2 Plant density for treatments was 13, 27 and 42Emergence Results020040060080010001200140016000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Biomass yield (g/m2)Seeding rate (viable seeds/m2)Faba Bean Biomass ResultsWeed FreeWeedy860 g/m2↓68%0200400600800100012000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Biomass yield (g/m2)Seeding rate (viable seeds/m2)Wheat Biomass ResultsWheat(weed)↓28%020040060080010001200140016000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Biomass yield (g/m2)Seeding rate (viable seeds/m2)Biomass ResultsWeed Free faba Weedy faba Wheat↓ 6.3 g/m2↑ 3.6 g/m2↑ 3.6 g/m2WeedyWeed Free 2040 600500100015002000250030000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Seed Yield (kg/ha)Seeding rate (Seeds/m2)Wheat Yield ResultsWheat(weed)↓40%↓ 23 kg/ha05001000150020002500300035004000450050000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Seed Yield (kg/ha)Seeding rate (Seeds/m2)Faba Bean Yield ResultsWeed FreeWeedy↑ 10 Kg/ha↑ 32 Kg/ha05001000150020002500300035004000450050000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Seed Yield (kg/ha)Seeding rate (Seeds/m2)Faba Bean Yield ResultsWeed FreeWeedyYield gap28%55%42%05001000150020002500300035004000450050000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Seed Yield (kg/ha)Seeding rate (Seeds/m2)Yield ResultsWeed Free faba Weedy faba Wheat↓72% ↓58% ↓45%Faba bean at 60 SR Faba bean at 20 SRWeedy} 60 SR} 20 SR} 60 SRWeed FreeConclusions Variety No significant effect on biomass or yield Increasing Seeding RateWeed decreaseBiomass by 28%Seed by 40% Yield and biomass increase  SR and Weediness interaction 3x benefit of ↑ SR when weedy Weediness Ave. 58% faba bean yield decrease Further research with higher seeding rates needed to determine optimum SR 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Seed Yield (Kg/ha)Seeding rate (Seeds/m2)ReferencesBaird, J. M., Shirtliffe, S. J. and Walley, F. L. 2009a. Optimal seeding rate for organic production of lentil in the northern Great Plains. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 1089-1097.Baird, J.M. Walley, F.L. and Shirtliffe, S.J. 2009b. Optimal seeding rate for organic production of field pea in the northern Great Plains. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 455-464.Ball, D. A., Ogg Jr., A. G. and Chevalier, P. M. 1997. The influence of seeding rate on weed control in small-red lentil (Lens culinaris). Weed Sci. 45: 296-300. Fleury, D. and Barker B. 2016. Faba Bean Variety Report 2015/16. Saskatchewan Pulse Growers.Frenda, A. S. Ruisi, P. Saia, S. Frangipane, B. Di Miceli, G. Amato, G. and Giambalvo, D. 2013. The critical period of weed control in faba bean and chickpea in Mediterranean areas. Weed Science 61: 452–459.Hardarson, G. Danso, S.K.A. Zapata, F. and Reichardt, K. 1991. Measurements of nitrogen fixation in fababean at different N fertilizer rates using 15N isotope dilution and ‘A-value’ methods. Plant Soil 131: 161–168.Solaiman, Z. Colmer, T.D. Loss, S.P. Thomson, B.D. and Siddique, K.H.M. 2007. Growth responses of cool-season grain legumes to transient waterlogging. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 58: 406–412.Sparrow, S. D. Cochran, V. L. and Sparrow, E. B. 1995. Dinitrogen fixation by seven legume crops in Alaska. Agron. J. 87: 34–41.Strydhorst, S. M. King, J. R. Lopetinsky, K. J. and Harker, K. N. 2008b. Weed interference, pulse species, and plant density effects on rotational benefits. Weed Science, 56: 249-258. Townley-Smith, L. and Wright, A. T. 1994. Field pea cultivar and weed response to crop seed rate in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 74: 387-393.Turpin, J.E. Herridge, D.F. and Robertson, M.J. 2002. Nitrogen fixation and soil nitrate interactions in field-grown chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and faba bean (Vicia faba). Aust. J. Agric. Res. 53: 599–608.Acknowledgements Supervisor: Lena SyrovyKernen Research Farm StaffOther helpful people: Amy Genik, Logan Pizzey, and Kyle SchroederQuestions?

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Increasing faba bean (Vicia faba) seeding rate under weedy and weed free conditions

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