New Trend in Enhancement Quality and Pour Point of Waxy Gas Oil by Nanoemulsions Part-1

Abstract

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon. There are many sub-groups: paraffins, such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, naphthenes, such as cycloalkanes, and aromatics, such as xylene and benzene, as well as many other related compounds consisting of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and sulphur. A wide variety of hydrocarbon components are blended together to make fuels according to the specifications appropriate for cars. In this research, nanoemulsions are prebared , with droplet size on the order of 100 nm. A typical nanoemulsion contains oil, water and an emulsifier prepared by phase transfere catalysts. The addition of an emulsifier is critical for the creation of small sized droplets as it decreases the interfacial tension i.e., the surface energy per unit area, between the oil and water phases of the emulsion. The emulsifier also plays a role in stabilizing nanoemulsions through repulsive electrostatic interactions and steric hindrance. This research focus has been on preparing nanoemulsions through phase transfer catalysts .The physic chemical characteristics were studied. The adsorption isotherm behavior of these emulsifiers was investigated by measuring the surface tension and interfacial tension as function of concentration. It is found that there is a good relation between surface properties and quality of gas oil. Also, the results indicating that more stable emulsion can improve pour point and high quality of gas oil. The results are discussed according the surface properties and thermodynamic parameters of emulsifiers and nano emulsion. The author suggests new mechanism foe enhancement gas oil instead mild visbreaking gas oil in presence of hydrogen gas. This method has many advandage in compare with visbreakig methods