Guotian Li

Jianhui Wu

Jin-Ying Gou

Lisong Ma

Meixiang Zhang

Xiao-Ren Chen

Xiaodong Wang

Xiaojie Wang

Frontiers in Plant Science

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TYPE EditorialPUBLISHED 29 July 2022DOI 10.3389/fpls.2022.984072OPEN ACCESSEDITED AND REVIEWED BYLeo Marcelis,Wageningen University andResearch, Netherlands*CORRESPONDENCEGuotian Lili4@mail.hzau.edu.cnXiaodong Wangzhbwxd@hebau.edu.cnXiaojie Wangwangxiaojie@nwsuaf.edu.cnMeixiang Zhangmeixiangzhang@snnu.edu.cnXiao-Ren Chenxrchen@yzu.edu.cnJianhui Wuwujh@nwafu.edu.cnJin-Ying Goujygou@fudan.edu.cnLisong Malisong.ma@anu.edu.auSPECIALTY SECTIONThis article was submitted toCrop and Product Physiology,a section of the journalFrontiers in Plant ScienceRECEIVED 01 July 2022ACCEPTED 14 July 2022PUBLISHED 29 July 2022CITATIONLi G, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang M, ChenX-R, Wu J, Gou J-Y and Ma L (2022)Editorial: Molecular interactionsbetween crops and phytopathogens,volume II: Rice.Front. Plant Sci. 13:984072.doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984072COPYRIGHT© 2022 Li, Wang, Wang, Zhang, Chen,Wu, Gou and Ma. This is anopen-access article distributed underthe terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution License (CC BY). The use,distribution or reproduction in otherforums is permitted, provided theoriginal author(s) and the copyrightowner(s) are credited and that theoriginal publication in this journal iscited, in accordance with acceptedacademic practice. No use, distributionor reproduction is permitted whichdoes not comply with these terms.Editorial: Molecular interactionsbetween crops andphytopathogens, volume II: RiceGuotian Li1*, Xiaodong Wang2*, Xiaojie Wang3*,Meixiang Zhang4*, Xiao-Ren Chen5*, Jianhui Wu6*,Jin-Ying Gou7* and Lisong Ma2,8*1State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology ofHubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China, 2State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College ofPlant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China, 3State Key Laboratory of Crop StressBiology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Xianyang, China, 4National Engineering Laboratory for Endangered Medicinal ResourceDevelopment in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and NaturalPharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi NormalUniversity, Xi’an, China, 5College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University,Yangzhou, China, 6College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang,China, 7State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory forBiodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centerof Gene Technology, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai,China, 8College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKEYWORDSOryza sativa, fungal pathogen, multiple omics, hypersensitive response, planthormoneEditorial on the Research TopicMolecular interactions between crops and phytopathogens, volumeII: RiceCrop diseases reduce the yield and quality of agricultural products, seriouslythreatening human, animal and ecological heath (Dean et al., 2012). Rice (Oryza sativa),as the staple that feeds more than half of the world’s population, is often afflicted withmultiple devastating diseases, including rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, falsesmut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, and sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani(Ms, 2014). Besides these three aforementioned fungal diseases, there are severe bacterialdiseases, including rice bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)and bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc). Amongthese diseases, rice blast alone results in annual grain losses that are sufficient to feedmore than 60 million people globally (Cook et al., 2011). Furthermore, rice false smutnot only causes yield losses but also contaminates grains with mycotoxins (Sun et al.,2020), similar to notorious Fusarium head blight of wheat. To understand these diseasesfor better control strategies, researchers utilize bioinformatics, physiological, molecular,and biochemical tools to elucidate the complex pathogen-host interactions. In total, thisResearch Topic collects seven articles from researchers in the field and covers a broadrange of subjects in the following three themes.Frontiers in Plant Science 01 frontiersin.orgLi et al. 10.3389/fpls.2022.984072Transcriptional analysis of the M.oryzae-rice pathosystermThe early availability of genome sequences ofM. oryzae andrice, including the recently published high-quality genomes (Qinet al., 2021; Wang et al., 2022; Yang et al., 2022), facilitates basicresearch of the M. oryzae-rice pathosystem. Equally importantis the accurate genome annotation. In this special issue, Li Z.et al. used RNA-seq data to annotate the M. oryzae genome,leading to the identification of 3,374 additional genes, most ofwhich encode long non-coding RNAs and often show alternativesplicing events that could be important for growth, conidiation,and pathogenesis. RNA-seq has long been used in studyingpathogen-host interactions and uncovering immunity-relatedgenes. From transcriptomes of the rice cultivar Nipponbareinfected by three different M. oryzae strains, Liang et al.identified thousands of conserved differentially expressed genesof rice and uncovered that overexpression of one such geneenhances rice immunity against blast. The above two papersprovide rich genomic and transcriptomic information for theM.oryzae-rice interaction study.Molecular plant pathology of M.oryzae and U. virensThree papers in this special issue cover molecular plantpathology of rice fungal pathogens M. oryzae and U. virens.Zhang et al. studied the MoPCS60 gene that encodes aperoxisomal-CoA synthase in M. oryzae. The Mopcs60 mutantis reduced in vegetative growth when the carbon source islimited to oleate and olive oil, and attenuated in virulence.The defects of the Mopcs60 mutant are likely resulted fromits defective fatty acid metabolism. The importance of lipidsin M. oryzae pathogenesis is also evidenced by another recentpublication, which shows that the phosphatidate phosphataseMoPah1 is important for fungal development and pathogenesis(Zhao et al., 2022). In another paper collected this specialissue, Liu et al. showed that the calcineurin regulator MoRCN1is required for full fungal virulence by M. oryzae throughregulating the calcineurin pathway that often plays a keyrole in fungal development and pathogenesis. The Morcn1mutant is defective in appressorium formation, invasive growth,virulence, and suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) ofthe host. Mechanistically, MoRCN1 interacts directly with thecalcineurin subunit A (MoCNA) in the calcineurin pathwayof M. oryzae. Rice false smut recently emerges as a seriousthreat to rice production worldwide, particularly to those high-yielding cultivars. Effective resistance genes against rice falsesmut have not been widely deployed. Recently, molecular studiesof U. virens pathogenesis provide valuable information forthe development of novel control strategies. Recognition offungal chitin by plant receptors triggers immune responses,which has been shown in multiple pathosystems (Gong et al.,2020). As a counteract, fungal pathogens have evolved variousapproaches to avoid the recognition. Li et al. elegantly showedthat the chitin-binding protein UvCBP1 secreted by U. virens isimportant to attenuate chitin-triggered rice immunity includingROS burst, callose deposition, and expression of defensemarker genes such as OsPR10b. When overexpressed, UvCBP1promotes fungal infection. Mechanistically, UvCBP1 competeswith OsCEBiP-the rice chitin receptor-for binding to free chitinand suppresses rice immunity. These three papers togetherdeepen our understanding of fungal-rice interactions.Plant immune inducers andphytohormonesChemicals are an important means in disease control, butexcessive uses of traditional fungicides lead to environmentalpollution and health concerns. Wang et al. identified guanine-one nucleobase of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA-asa plant immune inducer from the crude extract of theendophytic fungus Paecilomyces variotii. Guanine induces aseries of defense responses, including ROS burst, callosedeposition, and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinasesin Arabidopsis and rice, which enhance plant resistance tobacterial and fungal pathogens through a mechanism involvedin ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling pathways. In anotherstudy, Xie et al. showed that salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate,and ethylene are important for rice resistance to the whitetip nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi. Authors demonstratedthat the SA-related genes are positively associated with riceresistance to the nematode by comparing expression ofhormone-responsive genes in resistant and susceptible ricecultivars through quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR assays. Theexogenous application of analogs of the three plant hormonesinduces rice resistance to the nematode. In contrast, thehormone inhibitors make ricemore susceptible to the nematode.The exogenous application results were further confirmedusing genetic analyses. Taken together, results from these twopapers demonstrate that plant hormones are important for riceresistance to bacteria, fungi and nematodes.The results reported in this Research Topic provide keyinsights into pathogen-rice interactions. Yet, some cutting-edgetechniques are awaiting researchers in this field to explore,including telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome sequencing(Nurk et al., 2022), artificial intelligence, and synthetic biology,which will facilitate our deep understanding of pathogen-rice interactions and hence development of novel diseasecontrol strategies.Frontiers in Plant Science 02 frontiersin.orgLi et al. 10.3389/fpls.2022.984072Author contributionsAll authors have participated in the article writing and haveacted as coeditors of this Research Topic. All authors contributedto the article and approved the submitted version.FundingGL was supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (32172373). XiaodWwas supported by theProvincial Natural Science Foundation of Hebei (C2022204010,C2021204008) and State Key Laboratory of North ChinaCrop Improvement and Regulation (NCCIR2021ZZ-4). XiaojWwas supported by the Shaanxi Innovation Team Project(2018TD-004). MZ was supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China (32072399, 31672008) and theFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202201017). X-RC was supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China (31871907, 31671971) and JiangsuAgriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund (JASTIF)[CX(20)3125]. JW was supported by the Key R&D Programof Shaanxi Province in China (2021ZDLNY0-01). J-YG wassupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972350). LMwas supported by the Hundred Talents Programfor the introduction of high-level overseas talents in HebeiProvince (E2020100004).AcknowledgmentsWe thank the Frontiers Editorial Office and reviewers fortheir assistance in completing this Research Topic.Conflict of interestThe authors declare that the research was conducted in theabsence of any commercial or financial relationships that couldbe construed as a potential conflict of interest.Publisher’s noteAll claims expressed in this article are solely those of theauthors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliatedorganizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and thereviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, orclaim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteedor endorsed by the publisher.ReferencesCook, D. C., Fraser, R. W., Paini, D. R., Warden, A. C., Lonsdale, W. M.,and De Barro, P. J. (2011). Biosecurity and yield improvement technologies arestrategic complements in the fight against food insecurity. PLoS ONE 6, e26084.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026084Dean, R., Van Kan, J. A. L., Pretorius, Z. A., Hammond-Kosack, K. E., Di Pietro,A., Spanu, P. D., et al. (2012). The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plantpathology.Mol. Plant. Pathol. 13, 414–430. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.xGong, B. Q., Wang, F. Z., and Li, J. F. (2020). Hide-and-seek: chitin-triggeredplant immunity and fungal counterstrategies. Trends Plant Sci. 25, 805–816.doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.03.006Ms, Y. (2014). Rice sheath blight: a review of disease and pathogen managementapproaches. J. Plant Pathol. Microbiol. 5, 1. doi: 10.4172/2157-7471.1000241Nurk, S., Koren, S., Rhie, A., Rautiainen, M., Bzikadze, A. V., Mikheenko, A.,et al. (2022). The complete sequence of a human genome. Science 376, 44–53.doi: 10.1126/science.abj6987Qin, P., Lu, H. W., Du, H. L., Wang, H., Chen, W. L., Chen, Z.,et al. (2021). Pan-genome analysis of 33 genetically diverse rice accessionsreveals hidden genomic variations. Cell 184, 3542–3558. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.046Sun, W., Fan, J., Fang, A. F., Li, Y. J., Tariqjaveed, M., Li, D. Y., et al.(2020). Ustilaginoidea virens: insights into an emerging rice pathogen. Annu. Rev.Phytopathol. 58, 363–385. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012908Wang, Y., Yang, L., Ma, C., Zhou, Y., Zhao, M., Bi, R., et al. (2022).Genome sequence of Magnaporthe oryzae EA18 virulent to multiplewidely used rice varieties. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. MPMI01220030A.doi: 10.1094/MPMI-01-22-0030-AYang, L., Zhao, M., Sha, G., Sun, Q., Gong, Q., Yang, Q., et al. (2022). The genomeof the rice variety LTH provides insight into its universal susceptibility mechanismto worldwide rice blast fungal strains. Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J. 20, 1012–1026.doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.01.030Zhao, J., Sun, P., Sun, Q. P., Li, R. J., Qin, Z. T., Sha, G., et al. (2022). TheMoPah1 phosphatidate phosphatase is involved in lipid metabolism, development,and pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae. Mol. Plant. Pathol. 23, 720–732.doi: 10.1111/mpp.13193Frontiers in Plant Science 03 frontiersin.org

Editorial: Molecular interactions between crops and phytopathogens, volume II: Rice

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Editorial: Molecular interactions between crops and phytopathogens, volume II: Rice

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