This paper studies optimal thermal management and charging of a battery
electric vehicle driving over long distance trips. The focus is on the
potential benefits of including a heat pump in the thermal management system
for waste heat recovery, and charging point planning, in a way to achieve
optimality in time, energy, or their trade-off. An optimal control problem is
formulated, in which the objective function includes the energy delivered by
the charger(s), and the total charging time including the actual charging time
and the detour time to and from the charging stop. To reduce the computational
complexity, the formulated problem is then transformed into a hybrid dynamical
system, where charging dynamics are modelled in the domain of normalized
charging time. Driving dynamics can be modelled in either of the trip time or
travel distance domains, as the vehicle speed is assumed to be known a priori,
and the vehicle is only stopping at charging locations. Within the hybrid
dynamical system, a binary variable is introduced for each charging location,
in order to decide to use or skip a charger. This problem is solved
numerically, and simulations are performed to evaluate the performance in terms
of energy efficiency and time. The simulation results indicate that the time
required for charging and total energy consumption are reduced up to 30.6% and
19.4%, respectively, by applying the proposed algorithm