Poslednjih godina postoji veliko interesovanje za razvoj novih nutraceutika i funkcionalne hrane na bazi gljiva. Gljive poseduju svojstvo da akumuliraju teške metale iz supstrata na kome rastu. U ovoj disertaciji ispitana je sposobnost rasta i akumulacije selena iz čvrstog supstrata i tečne podloge od strane C. versicolor medicinske gljive. Kao izvori selena upotrebljeni su neorganske soli, natrijum selenat i natrijum selenit i organski izvori u obliku selenskog kvasca (Sel-Plex®-a) i selenouree. Primenjene su koncentracije od 10 mg Se L-1 i 25 mg Se L-1 za gajenje u šaržnom bioreaktoru i 10 mg Se kg-1, 25 mg Se kg-1 i 50 mg Se kg-1 računato na suvu masu supstrata za gajenje na čvrstoj podlozi.
Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata pokazano je da postoji srednja, negativna, statistički značajna korelacija (p≤0.05, r=-0.54), između sadržaja neorganskog selena i prinosa plodonosnih tela i veoma jaka, negativna, statistički značajna, (p≤0.05, r = -0.89) korelacija između sadržaja organskog selena u podlozi i prinosa plodonosnih tela. Koncentracija od 10 mg Se kg-1 suvog supstrata nije statistički značajno (p≤0.05) uticala na prinos gljive u poređenju sa kontrolnim uzorkom, bez obzira na izvor selena za obogaćenje supstrata. Međutim, dodatkom 50 mg Se kg-1 suvog supstrata u obliku Sel-Plex®-a, fruktifikacija je potpuno izostala, a primenom iste koncentracije selena dodatkom selenouree su dobijena plodonosna tela izmenjene morfologije.
Optimalno vreme gajenja gljive od osam dana ustanovljeno je merenjem potrošnje glukoze (HPLC metodom) tokom rasta u tečnoj podlozi. Gljiva je rasla u obliku sferičnih peleta kada je tečna podloga obogaćena selenoureom. Gljiva je formirala ugruške dispergovanih filamenata kada je tečnoj podlozi dodat Sel-Plex®, rast gljive je bio potpuno raspršen kada je upotrebljen natrijum selenit, a oba oblika rasta otežavaju separaciju dobijene biomase od podloge. Analiza skenirajućom elektronskom mikroskopijom nije potvrdila prisustvo egzopolisaharida na površini micelijuma...In recent years there has been great interest for the development of new nutraceuticals and functional foods based on mushrooms. Mushrooms are able to accumulate heavy metals from the growing substrate. In this dissertation, the ability of growth and accumulation of selenium from the solid substrate and liquid medium by C. versicolor medicinal mushrooms was analysed. As selenium sources inorganic salts such as sodium selenate and sodium selenite and organic sources in the form of selenium yeast Sel-Plex® and selenourea were used. Concentration that were applied were 10 mg Se L-1 and 25 mg Se L-1 for the cultivation in a batch bioreactor, and 10 mg Se kg-1, 25 mg Se kg-1 and 50 mg Se kg-1 based on the dry weight of the solid substrate for solid state cultivation.
According to obtained results, there is a negative, medium and statistically significant correlation, (p≤0.05, r= -0.54) between the content of inorganic selenium and fruit body yield, and very strong, negative and statistically significant (p≤0.05, r = -0.89) correlation between the content of organic selenium in the growing substrate and biomass yield of the fruit body. Selenium concentration of 10 mg Se kg-1 of dry substrate did not statistically significantly (p≤0.05) affected mushroom yield compared to the control sample, regardless of the selenium source used for enrichment. However, after addition of 50 mg Se kg-1 in form of Sel-Plex®, there was no fructification at all, while the addition of the same selenium concentration using selenourea obtained fruiting bodies had altered morphology.
The optimal eight day period for the submerged mushroom cultivation was established by measuring the glucose consumption (HPLC method) during mushroom growing in liquid culture. Mushrooms growing in a liquid medium enriched with selenourea formed spherical pellets. Mushroom formed clumps of dispersed filaments when Sel-Plex® was added to the liquid medium, growth was fully dispersed when sodium selenite was used, and both forms impeded separation of the biomass from the liquid medium..