Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous group of
clonal diseases of the blood system arising from mutation of the hematopoietic stem
cell and characterized by cytopenia as a result of ineffective hematopoiesis, signs of
dysmyelopoiesis and a high risk of transformation into acute leukemia. More than
80% of patients with MDS are over 60 years old. About 25 thousand new cases are
diagnosed annually in Europe. Given the steady aging of the European population, it
is believed that the number of patients with MDS will only increase in the coming
decades. In addition, signs of myelodysplasia can be detected in the bone marrow or
peripheral blood, not only in MDS, but also in other non-clonal diseases. The role of
thyroid hormones in hematopoiesis is known, which does not exclude the
development of dysmyelopoiesis in hypothyroidism. The article presents the
classification, clinical manifestations of primary MDS and a clinical case of the development of the disease against the background of severe hypothyroidism with
features of the course of MDS
