Brendelberger, Stefan

Moumin, Gkiokchan

Roeb, Martin

Rosenstiel, Andreas

Institute of Transport Research:Publications

Base materials and fuels production founded on solar heat as the energy inputMartin Roeb, Gkiokchan Moumin, Stefan Brendelberger, Andreas RosenstielDLR Institute of Future FuelsSolar World Congress 202128th Oct. 2021Outline• History on Solar Heat Generation and Use• Solar Calcination and Solar Cement• Solar Recycling• Solar Thermal Fuel ProductionDLR.de  •  Chart 2Relevance of cementDLR.de  •  Chart 3Most used commodities worldwideCementFillerWater1st Water2nd Concrete+ +(1)(2)(1) Cement Technology Roadmap, WBSCD, 2009(2) Concrete constituents, mastour.comEmissions of cement productionDLR.de  •  Chart 4(1)Cement production(2)02462014 2030 2040 2050GtCement/year+23 %8 %92 %(1) A blueprint for a climate friendly cement industry, WWF, 2008(2) Technology Roadmap: Low-Carbon Transition in the Cement Industry, IEA, 2018DLR.de  •  Chart 5Pre-heating Calcination ClinkeringCement raw meal ClinkerCoolingHeat recovery AirCement raw mealFlue gas (to mill and filter)secondary FuelClinkerRotary kilnCyclonePre-heatersWaste heatFuelThermal treatmentSprung, S., Cement, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2008Calcination~900 °CCaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)Clinkering~1500 °CFormation of new phasesSolar rotary kiln for calcinationDLR.de  •  Chart 6Experiments in the solar simulatorDLR.de  •  Chart 7• Power input of 14 kW• Rotational speed of 2 rpm• Inclination of 1°• Mass flow varied 4–12 kg/hResults of the solar campaignsDLR.de  •  Chart 8Thermal, closed Chemical, openclosedopenReactor PerformanceDLR.de  •  Chart 9• Successful tests with cement raw meal• Calcination degrees up to 99 %• Total efficiency up to 40 %• Increase of efficiency with load• Chemical efficiency lagging behindDegree of calcinationDLR.de  •  Chart 10Single particles (perfectly mixed)Particles with bed height (non-mixed)Bed motion inside the kilnDLR.de  •  Chart 11Bed motion inside the kilnDLR.de  •  Chart 12Impact on the bed thermal conductivityDLR.de  •  Chart 13granulesno built-inspowderwith built-insPresent and planned studiesDLR.de  •  Chart 14Depositionon windowMixing analysis athigh temperatureScale-upof systemAnd going beyond?DLR.de  •  Chart 15“Perhaps it is even possible to use this heat source, asBuffon already suggested, for the calcination ofgypsum and limestone or for the reduction of ores?But the great natural scientist [Buffon] feared that thebodies could cool down in the air at the focal point ofhis mirror during these experiments. But this can beprevented quite simply by placing the substances to becalcined in a glass cage or, even better, in a blackenedmetal container standing in the cage.”A. Mouchot, „Die Sonnenwärme und ihre industriellen Anwendungen“, translated from French original 1879, 1987LimestoneColemanite (Boron)Magnesium carbonate1000 °C500 °C600 °C700 °C800 °C900 °CPhosphate oreKaoliniteAluminium Recycling• Development and testing of 20 kg pilot-scale rotary kiln in Solar Furnace in Köln• Scale-up study: Integration of pilot-scale rotary kiln at a solar tower plant DLR.de  •  Chart 16-4.000.000-2.000.00002.000.0004.000.0006.000.0008.000.00010.000.00012.000.0000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10JahrKapitalwert [€]konventionellsolar1cent/kWh4cent/kWhPortfolio of technologies for renewable fuels production DLR.de  •  Chart 17source: DLRsource: sun-to-liquid.euThermochemical syngas production DLR.de  •  Chart 18Background: Plant based on Plant of Prior Project ASTOR DLR.de  •  Chart 19Non-stoichiometry:d =  0.022at T=1400°CPox = 10-5 barBackground: Plant based on Plant of Prior Project ASTORDLR.de  •  Chart 20Non-stoichiometry:d =  0.022at T=1400°CPox = 10-5 barBackground: Plant and Process of Project ASTOR DLR.de  •  Chart 21Sun2Liquid – EU H2020DLR.de  •  Chart 22• Move from laboratory to field environment• Demonstration of complete fuel production cycle in a relevant environment• Increase TRL from 3 to 5 • Scale-up of thermal power input from 4 kW to 50 kW• Optimization of reactor geometry and material structure to increase efficiency from 2% to 5-10%• On-site conversion of produced syngas tohydrocarbonsSun2Liquid Solar Plant in Mostoles (Overview)DLR.de  •  Chart 23Photos: Sun2Liquid/IMDEA Energia24Economic analysis: Regional variability of production costDLR.de  •  Chart 24C. Falter et al. Energies 2020, 13, 802.25Economic analysis: Sensitivity of production costDLR.de  •  Chart 25C. Falter et al. Energies 2020, 13, 802.26Acknowledgements• To the EC for the Co-Financing of the Projects SUN2LIQUID (Contract-No. 654408), SPOTLIGHT (Contract No.101015960)and SFERA-III (Contract No. 823802).• To the European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Joint Undertaking for the Co-Financing of the Projects HYDROSOL_beyond(Contract-No. 826379) and PEC_DEMO (Contract N.621252).• To the federal state NRW in the Leitmarkt- und Klimaschutzwettbewerb „ErneuerbareEnergien.NRW” andthe EFRE Programme of EU for the Co-Financing of the ASTOR (EFRE-0800877) and ASTOR-ST (EFRE-0801815).• To the HGF for co-funding the project HI-CAM, and to the German Ministry of Economics and Energy (BMWi) for funding the project SolareKraftstoffe (Contract No. 03EIV221 ).DLR.de  •  Chart 26Thank you for your attention!Martin RoebInstitute of Future FuelsMartin.roeb@dlr.de

Base materials and fuels production founded on solar heat as the energy input

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Base materials and fuels production founded on solar heat as the energy input

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