The prevalence of dyslipidaemia has been increasing in developing
countries that are undergoing nutrition transition. However, the
association of diet quality and lipid profile has not been
well-understood in these countries. The aim of the current study was to
compare the ability of three diet quality indices 12the
Mediterranean diet scale (MDS), healthy eating index-2005 (HEI-2005),
and diet quality index-international (DQI-I) in relation to changes in
lipid profile between baseline and 6.7 years of follow-up. Baseline
data from two 24-hour dietary recalls provided by 469 adults with mean
age of 38.7\ub112.3 years, who were participants of the Tehran Lipid
and Glucose Study, were analyzed to describe dietary intakes. Data on
anthropometry, sociodemography, physical activity, and other lifestyle
variables were recorded, and a comparison of baseline and follow-up
data revealed changes in the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC),
triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). A general linear model was
used in assessing changes in lipid profile depending on adherence to
diet quality indices at baseline, after adjustment for age, smoking
status, waist-circumference, body mass index, physical activity, and
energy intake. A significant interaction was observed between scores
and sex, and upon stratification, males in the highest quartile score
of the HEI-2005 had significantly lower TG changes than those in the
lowest quartile, after adjusting for confounders (-8.8 vs 2.9,
p=0.038). No association was apparent in females (-0.2 vs 11.2,
p=0.297). In addition, a positive association was found between DQI-I
and HDL-C (Q1=0.6 vs Q4=-2.0, p=0.044) in males. In both sexes, all
these indices were weakly associated with TC while none was associated
with LDL-C. It is concluded: adherence to the HEI-2005 recommendations
was weakly associated with reduced TG concentration in an urban Iranian
adult population. The MDS and DQI-I were not related to change in lipid
profile