Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been recognized as one of the
methods for reducing the risk of HIV transmission, and access to this
is being rapidly expanded. However, in a generalized HIV epidemic, ART
could increase unprotected sex by people living with HIV/AIDS (PHAs).
This paper assessed the rates and predictors of consistent condom-use
by sexually-active PHAs after initiating ART. The study used
crosssectional data on sexual behaviour of 269 sexually-active
ART-experienced individuals (95 males and 174 females) aged 18 years
and above. The results revealed that 65% (70% of men and 61% of women)
used condom consistently after initiating ART. Consistent use of condom
was more likely if PHAs had secondary- or tertiary-level education and
had more than one sex partner in the 12 months preceding the study.
However, PHAs were less likely to have used condom consistently if they
worked in the informal and formal sectors, belonged to the medium- and
high-income groups, and were married. PHAs, who were on ART for less
than 1 year and 1-2 year(s), had a good self-perception of health, had
a sexual partner who was HIV-negative or a partner with unknown HIV
status, and desired to bear children, were also less likely to have
used condom consistently. The paper concluded that, although the
majority of PHAs consistently used condom, there was potential for
unprotected sex by PHAs on ART