FOREST SPECIES OF COASTAL PLAIN AS POTENTIAL TOOLS FOR COASTAL MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL TECHNOLOGY IN CARAVELAS, BAHIA (BRAZIL)

Abstract

Em Caravelas, munic\uedpio localizado no sul do estado da Bahia, as principais forma\ue7\uf5es vegetais s\ue3o as florestas de mangue e as restingas apresentando, estas \ufaltimas, alto grau de degrada\ue7\ue3o. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em descrever as principais esp\ue9cies florestais de restingas e seus usos diretos associados, com vistas \ue0 recupera\ue7\ue3o e ao manejo de \ue1reas degradadas e \ue0 gera\ue7\ue3o de trabalho e renda, compondo, dessa forma, importante ferramenta para a gest\ue3o integrada da zona costeira. Para isso, a elabora\ue7\ue3o de listagens flor\uedsticas e visitas ao campo foram necess\ue1rias para reconhecimento do ambiente. Na sele\ue7\ue3o das esp\ue9cies, uma literatura referente ao uso, manejo e valor agregado de cada uma das esp\ue9cies identificadas foi utilizada e, a partir da\ued, foram reconhecidas quatro esp\ue9cies com potencialidade para gera\ue7\ue3o de trabalho e renda nos moldes dessa proposta: mangaba ( Hancornia speciosa ), pitanga ( Eugenia uniflora ), caju ( Anacardium occidentale ) e aroeira ( Schinus terebinthifolius ). As tr\ueas primeiras apresentam associa\ue7\ue3o de seus frutos ao uso alimentar, servindo a aroeira como condimenta\ue7\ue3o, com alta valoriza\ue7\ue3o no mercado mundial, e o caju, a partir da sua estrutura f\ue9rtil (castanha e polpa). A identifica\ue7\ue3o dos subprodutos vegetais fornecidos assegura a utiliza\ue7\ue3o sustentada das esp\ue9cies e do ambiente e os Produtos Florestais N\ue3o Madeir\ue1veis podem ser estrat\ue9gicos no gerenciamento costeiro, tornando-se instrumento para se alcan\ue7ar inclus\ue3o social atrav\ue9s da gera\ue7\ue3o de trabalho e renda, sob o movimento da Tecnologia Social, contribuindo, portanto, para a redu\ue7\ue3o da vulnerabilidade social de comunidades costeiras tradicionais.In Caravelas, located in southern Bahia state, the main vegetation formations are the mangrove forests and \u2018restingas\u2019 (sandbanks) presenting, the latter, a high degree of degradation. The aim of this paper is to describe the main forest species of these \u2018restingas\u2019 and their direct uses associated with the recovery and management of degraded areas and creation of jobs and income, making thus an important tool for integrated coastal zone. For this, elaborate floral listings and field visits were necessary for recognizing the environment. In the selection of species, a literature about the use, management and value of each species were used, and from there, four species with potential for generating jobs and income along of this proposal were recognized: Mangaba ( Hancornia speciosa ), Pitanga ( Eugenia uniflora ), Mangaba ( Anacardium occidentale ) and Aroeira ( Schinus terebinthifolius ). The first three are associated with the use of its fruit food, serving these \u2018aroeiras\u2019 as pepper trees, with a high value on the world market, and cashew, because of its fertile structure. The identification of products provided sustainable use of species and environment and the Non-Timber Forest Products can be strategic in coastal management, making it an instrument to subsidize social inclusion through the creation of jobs and income, under the movement of Social Technology, contributing to reduce the social vulnerability of traditional coastal communities