MATURATION AND HARVEST OF SEED DE Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A.C. Smith.

Abstract

Estudos sobre a matura\ue7\ue3o de sementes s\ue3o fundamentais para orientar a \ue9poca ideal de colheita, auxiliar o planejamento do processo de secagem, armazenamento e no controle da qualidade. Por isso, o trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a \ue9poca adequada para colheita de sementes de Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A. C. Smith. Os frutos foram coletados no munic\uedpio de Malta \u2013 Para\uedba, e depois conduzidos ao Laborat\uf3rio de Sementes da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, onde procederam as an\ue1lises e testes de germina\ue7\ue3o. Em cada uma das seis colheitas, realizadas semanalmente, foram avaliados frutos e sementes, quanto \ue0 colora\ue7\ue3o, biometria e teor de \ue1gua, al\ue9m da massa seca, germina\ue7\ue3o e vigor das sementes. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repeti\ue7\uf5es de 25 sementes cada. Os resultados obtidos permitiram constatar que 54 dias ap\uf3s a antese, est\ue1dio esse anterior \ue0 deisc\ueancia dos frutos, estes se apresentavam de colora\ue7\ue3o marrom-escura, enrugados e com fendas no \ue1pice, enquanto as sementes no ponto ideal de matura\ue7\ue3o fisiol\uf3gica, de colora\ue7\ue3o preta, germina\ue7\ue3o de 94,0%; 3,0% de pl\ue2ntulas anormais e 1,0% de sementes mortas para condi\ue7\uf5es de semi\ue1rido nordestino. Recomenda-se a colheita dos frutos aos 54 dias ap\uf3s a antese quando apresentam colora\ue7\ue3o marrom-escura e \ue1pice enrugado com fendas, pois aos 63 dias ap\uf3s a antese h\ue1 a dispers\ue3o natural das sementes.Studies about the maturation of seeds are essential to guide the ideal time of harvest, to assist the drying process planning, for storage and quality control. Therefore, the work aimed to know the appropriate time to harvest seeds from Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A. C. Smith. The fruits were collected in the city of Malta, in Para\uedba state, and then taken to the seed laboratory at the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, where the analyses and the germination tests were carried out. In each of the six harvests, held weekly, fruits and seeds were evaluated for staining, biometrics and water content addition of the dry mass, germination and vigor of seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 25 seeds each. The revealed results have found that 54 days after anthesis, this stadium prior to dehiscence of fruits, these were dark brown color, wrinkled and with cracks at the apex, while the seeds in the sweet spot of physiological ripeness, black coloring, germination of 94,0%; 3,0% of abnormal seedlings and dead seed for 1.0% in the northeastern semi-arid conditions, it is recommended to harvest of the fruits to 54 days after anthesis when they presented a dark brown color and wrinkled apex with cracks, once 63 days after anthesis there is the natural dispersion of seeds