Trabajo presentado en la Annual Meeting of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE 2015), celebrada en Viena del 12 al 16 de julio de 2015.Understanding genetic variation across ethnically and geographically diverse extant African
populations is of great importance for reconstructing human complex demographic history. Here,
we study the recent history and relationships among 15 different African populations, by analyzing
the whole-genome sequence data of 21 individuals sequenced at deep coverage covering all major
contine ntal linguistic groups, ecosystems and life-styles within Africa. We detected 12 million
single nucleotide substitutions, providing a rich picture of the genome diversity and population
history in Africa. We observe a remarkable correlation among genetic diversity and geographic
origins and recent demographic history of the individuals studied. While different hunter-gatherer
groups show more differentiation compared with the rest of samples, Bantu individuals are
genetically more homogeneous and present evidence of admixture with neighboring hunter-gatherer
groups, depending on the geographic area. Northern African individuals are closely related to non-African populations, in agreement with a recent split of both groups and continuous gene flow. To
gain in sight into the deepest split of our species, we explore if recent admixture of Pygmies and
Khoesan with other populations may cover up their real diversity, becoming the human most
diverse groups.N
