The comparison of the test rates of armwrestlers of the middle and heavy weight categories showed that the greatest difference between the mean strength values, above 100%, was found in the forearm pronators, above 90% - in the forearm supinators (p<0.01), above 38% - in the shoulder extensors (p<0.01); the smallest - in the finger flexors (5.1%), supine forearm flexors (16.6%), and hand flexors (17.6%). The findings indicate that the difference in the special strength fitness rates in beginner armwrestlers of various weight categories is less significant than that of qualified athlete

Gladkikh, Yu. P.

Matyushenko, I. A.

Nikulin, I. N.

Possokhov, A. V.

DSpace at Belgorod State University

10 Theory and Practice of Physical Culture  |  teoriya.ru  |  March  |  № 3 2022Peculiarities of manifestation of peak special strength in beginner armwrestlers of various weight categoriesCorresponding author: nikulin_i@bsu.edu.ruPhD student I.A. Matyushenko2PhD, Associate Professor I.N. Nikulin1PhD, Associate Professor A.V. Possokhov1PhD, Associate Professor Y.P. Gladkikh11Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod2Bauman Moscow State Technical University, N.E. Bauman, Moscow Background. In many sports, including arm-wrestling, the improvement of athletic performance largely depends on the special fitness level of ath-letes. In terms of the direction in the development of motor skills, armwrestling refers to speed-strength sports. Special aspects of competitive activity in arm-wrestling include increased demands on the level of development of the arm muscles, forearm and hand in particular [2, 8]. The main motor task for an arm-wrestler is to develop the maximum capacity of the competitive movement, that is, to develop maximal strength in the shortest time [7].Researchers note that there is no statistically sig-nificant difference between the maximal strength rates measured in a static mode and the maximum weight that can be lifted with the same movement [3].When characterizing maximal strength, specialists identify peak strength as the highest level of strength displayed at a specific point in the motion range [5, 9].There is a view that in people of the same training level, maximal strength increases with the body weight gain [1]; however, the body mass of an armwrestler is not a leading indicator of the effectiveness of compet-itive activity in the given sport [6].Objective of the study was to identify differences between the peak special strength rates in beginner armwrestlers of various weight categories.Methods and structure of the study. Sampled for the study were 24 athletes aged 18-25 years, with up to one year into armwrestling sport and having no sports title. All subjects were divided into three groups depending on their body weight: Group A (n=8) – 53-UDC   796.015AbstractObjective of the study was to identify differences between the peak special strength rates in beginner armwrestlers of various weight categories.Methods and structure of the study. Sampled for the study were 24 athletes aged 18-25 years, with up to one year into armwrestling sport and having no sports title. All subjects were divided into three groups depending on their body weight: Group A (n=8) – 53-65 kg – light weight category, Group B (n=8) – 78-85 kg – middle weight category, Group C (n=8) – 105 kg and over – heavy weight category.The subjects’ special strength abilities were assessed using a tensodynamometry method [4, 6]. After the warm-up, the subjects were given two attempts for every test, where only the best attempt was recorded.Results and conclusions. The comparison of the test rates of armwrestlers of the middle and heavy weight categories showed that the greatest difference between the mean strength values, above 100%, was found in the forearm pronators, above 90% - in the forearm supinators (p<0.01), above 38% – in the shoulder extensors (p<0.01); the smallest - in the finger flexors (5.1%), supine forearm flexors (16.6%), and hand flexors (17.6%). There were no statistically significant differences between the beginner armwrestlers of the middle and heavy weight categories in the following tests: supine forearm flexion and finger flexion. The findings indicate that the difference in the special strength fitness rates in beginner armwrestlers of various weight categories is less significant than that of qualified athletes.Keywords: armwrestling, special strength fitness, peak strength, weight categories, tensodynamometry.THEORY AND METHODS OF SPORTS11http://www.tpfk.ru65 kg – light weight category, Group B (n=8) – 78-85 kg – middle weight category, Group C (n=8) – 105 kg and over – heavy weight category.The subjects’ special strength abilities were as-sessed using a tensodynamometry method [4, 6]. After the warm-up, the subjects were given two attempts for every test, where only the best attempt was recorded.For this study purposes, we have developed a comprehensive computer-controlled methodology for measuring strength indices in armwrestling (see Figure).Special strength abilities measuring system schemeThe measuring system consists of the following el-ements: force sensory system; professional arm wres-tling table; tensoresistive pressure sensor; analog-to-digital (AD) encoder; personal computer.The study was conducted on the basis of the arm-wrestling section of the Bauman Moscow State Tech-nical University.Results and discussion. Given in Table 1 are the comparative characteristics of the peak special strength rates in the beginner armwrestlers of the middle and heavy categories. These data confirm that there are no significant differences between the fol-lowing indicators: supine forearm flexion and finger flexion.The greatest difference between the mean strength values, above 100%, was found in the forearm prona-tors, above 90% - in the forearm supinators (p<0.01), above 38% – in the shoulder extensors (p<0.01); the smallest - in the finger flexors (5.1%), supine forearm flexors (16.6%), and hand flexors (17.6%). There were no statistically significant differences between the be-ginner armwrestlers of the middle and heavy weight categories in the following tests: supine forearm flex-ion and finger flexion.Given in Table 1 are the comparative characteris-tics of the peak special strength rates in the beginner armwrestlers of the light and middle categories.There were significant differences in terms of all peak strength indicators, except for hand abduction, forearm supination, and shoulder extension. The most significant differences were found in the following tests: hand flexion, neutral-point forearm flexion, and supine forearm flexion (p<0.01).The earlier studies of special strength fitness of armwrestlers of the middle and heavy weight cat-egories with the 1st senior category (CMS) and titles of MS and WCMS revealed significant differences in terms of all test rates [6]. This leads to the conclusion that the difference in the peak special strength rates in beginner armwrestlers of various weight categories is less significant than that of qualified athletes.Conclusion. The control test rates in the begin-ner armwrestlers (up to one year of sports experi-Table 1. Comparative characteristics of peak special strength rates in beginner armwrestlers of middle and heavy categoriesControl testGroup B78-85 kg,M±mGroup C105+ kg,M±mDifference, kg Difference, % t pSP 26.60±1.30 34.01±1.81 7.41 27.7 3.33 <0.01HF 44.45±2.04 52.28±2.40 7.83 17.6 2.49 <0.05HA 17.44±0.82 23.76±2.03 6.32 36.2 2.89 <0.05FS 23.71±2.01 45.26±5.04 21.55 90.9 3.97 <0.01NFF 31.15±0.83 37.75±2.43 6.6 21.2 2.57 <0.05SE 65.78±2.09 91.01±4.76 25.23 38.4 4.85 <0.01SFF 31.18±0.60 36.34±4.43 5.16 16.6 1.15 >0.05FP 26.09±1.76 53.82±6.44 27.73 106.3 4.15 <0.01FF 63.96±2.59 67.21±5.32 3.25 5.1 0.55 >0.05Legend. SP – shoulder pronation, HF – hand flexion, HA – hand abduction, FS – forearm supination, NFF – neutral-point forearm flexion, SE – shoulder extension, SFF – supine forearm flexion, FP – forearm pronation, FF – finger flexion.THEORY AND METHODS OF SPORTS12 Theory and Practice of Physical Culture  |  teoriya.ru  |  March  |  № 3 2022ence) confirm that there were significant changes between the athletes of the middle and heavy weight categories in 7 out of 9 special control tests: shoul-der pronation, hand flexion, hand abduction, forearm supination, neutral-point forearm flexion, shoulder ex-tension, forearm pronation. There were no statistically significant differences between the following indica-tors: supine forearm flexion and finger flexion.The most significant differences between VC and VC are found in «Hand Flexing», «Forearm Flexion in Neutral Position» and «Forearm Flexion in SMP» (p<0.01). The most significant differences between the beginner armwrestlers of the light and middle weight categories were found in the following tests: hand flexion, neutral-point forearm flexion and supine forearm flexion (p<0.01).References1. Belskiy I.V. Effective training systems: Arm wres-tling. Body-building. Benchpress. Powerlifting. 2nd ed., rev., sup.. Minsk: VidaN publ., 2002. 352 p.2. Voronkov A.V., Nikulin I.N., Sobyanin F.I. Control over excelling strength fitness of students prac-ticing armwrestling. Fizicheskoe vospitanie stu-dentov. 2014. No. 2. pp. 3–7.3. Zatsiorskiy V.M. Athlete’s physical qualities: fun-damentals of theory and methods of education. 4th ed.. M.: Sport publ., 2019. 200 p.4. Matyushenko I.A., Nikulin I.N., Antonov A.V. et al. Model characteristics of strength of individual muscle groups of armwrestlers of different skill levels. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2020. No. 8. pp. 19–21.5. Platonov V.N. Athletes’ motor qualities and physical training of athletes. M.: Sport publ., 2019. 656 p.6. Nikulin I.N., Matyushenko I.A., Antonov A.V. et al. Comparative characteristics of special strength fitness rates in armwrestlers of different weight categories and skill levels. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2021. No. 5. pp. 9–11.7. Usanov E.I., Chugina L.V. Arm wrestling with arms. Study guide. M.: RUDN publ., 2010. 298 p.8. Podrihalo O.O., Podrigalo L.V., Bezkorovainyi D.О.,  Halashko O.I., Nikulin I.N.,  Kadutskaya L.A.  The analysis of handgrip strength and so-matotype features in arm wrestling athletes with different skill levels. Physical education of stu-dents, 2020. No 24 (2). pp. 64–70. 9. Stone M.H., Stone M., Sands W.A. Principles and practice of resistance training. Human Ki-netics, 2007. P. 376.Table 2. Comparative characteristics of peak special strength rates in beginner armwrestlers of light and middle categoriesControl testGroup A55-65 kg,M±mGroup B78-85 kg,M±mDifference, kg Difference, % T pSP 22.19±1.21 26.60±1.30 4.41 19.87 2.48 <0.05HF 35.11±1.78 44.45±2.04 9.34 26.60 3.45 <0.01HA 15.34±0.89 17.44±0.82 2.1 13.69 1.74 >0.05FS 20.21±1.86 23.71±2.01 3.5 17.32 1.28 >0.05NFF 24.02±1.61 31.15±0.83 7.13 29.68 3.94 <0.01SE 59.37±2.88 65.78±2.09 6.41 10.80 1.8 >0.05SFF 26.68±1.30 31.18±0.60 4.5 16.87 3.14 <0.01FP 20.40±1.31 26.09±1.76 5.69 27.89 2.59 <0.05FF 55.65±2.32 63.96±2.59 8.31 14.93 2.39 <0.05THEORY AND METHODS OF SPORTS

Peculiarities of manifestation of peak special strength in beginner armwrestlers of various weight categories

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Peculiarities of manifestation of peak special strength in beginner armwrestlers of various weight categories

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