BASTOS, C. N.

BENCHIMOL, R. L.

DIAS-FILHO, M. B.

SUTTON, J. C.

Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from Embrapa

XXXVI Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, MANEJO INTEGRADO DE DOENÇAS DE PLANTASUberlândia/MG - Center Convention - de 03 a 08 de agosto de 2003RESUMOS EXPANDIDOS DO CD-ROM DO XXXVI CBFPiper aduncum helps fusariosis control and growth promotion in blackpepper.Ruth L. Benchirnol': John C. Sutton"; Cleber N. Bastos"; Moacyr B. Dias-Filho 1'Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Caixa Postal 48, 66017-970, Belém, PA, e-mail: rlinda@cpatu.embrapa.br;2University of Guelph - Ontario Agricultural College, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; 3CEPLAC-SUPOR,Caixa Postal 1801, 66635-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.ABSTRACTBlack pepper (Piper nigrum) fusariosis, caused by Fusarium solam' f. sp. piperisAlbuq. (FSP), is a major root disease in Amazon region. Based on previous studies that showan inhibitory effect of Piper aduncum L. (PAD) on FSP, we hypothesized that PAD leaves(PADL) would suppress fusariosis. Soil amendment with 1.5 and 3.0% of PADL reducedblack pepper mortality by FSP in 66.7 and 83.3%, respectively. Amendment at the 3.0% leveiincreased plant biomass production at ali treatment combinations. Plant biomass waspreferentially allocated to foliage in plants grown in amended soils, under ali treatmentcombinations. No difference in the photosynthesis rate could be detected in plants grown innoninfested/amended soils, compared to those in noninfested/nonamended soil. Weconcluded that PADL have potential to suppress fusariosis and help black pepper growth.Keywords: Piper nigrum; Piperaceae; Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis; soil amendment.RESUMOPiper aduncum auxilia no controle da fusariose e no desenvolvimento de mudas depimenteira-do-reino.A fusariose, causada por Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis (FSP), é a principal doençada pimenteira-da-reino (piper nigrum) na Amazônia. Com base em estudos anteriores, queevidenciaram o efeito inibitório de Piper aduncum (PAD) sobre FSP, hipotetizou-se que asfolhas de PAD (FPAD) poderiam suprimir a fusariose. A adição de 1,5 e 3,0% (mim) deFPAD ao solo reduziu a mortalidade das plantas em 66,7 e 83,3%, respectivamente, aos 90dias. FPAD a 3,0% aumentou a produção de massa seca das plantas em todos ostratamentos. A biomassa das plantas foi preferencialmente alocada para as folhas nos solosadicionados de FPAD. Não foi detectada diferença significativa na taxa de fotossínteselíquida das plantas nos tratamentos não infestados com o patógeno, adicionados ou não deFPAD. Concluiu-se que FPAD tem potencial para suprimir a fusariose e para auxiliar nodesenvolvimento de mudas de pimenteira-da-reino.Palavras-chave: Piper nigrum; Piperaceae; Fusarium so/ani f. sp. piperis.Fusariosis, caused by Fusarium so/ani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. piperis Albuq. (FSP) is amajor dsease of black pepper piper nigrum L.) in Brazil. Based on previous studies thatshow an inhibitory effect of Piper aduncum L. (PAD) on FSP (Bastos, 1997; Benchimol et aI.,2001), it is hypothesized that PAD leaves would suppress fusariosis when used as soilamendment.MATERIAL ANO METHOOSFresh PAD leaves (FPAD) were oven dried, ground, incorporated into natural orautoclaved Oxisol at 1.5 or 3% (w/w), and incubated for 45 days in pots in a screen house.Soil was infested with FSP at a rate of 20 mL spore suspension (4 x 105 conidia mL-1) kg-1 ofsoil and incubated for15 days. Two-month old rootstocks of black pepper, cv. Guajarina, wereplanted in the soils. Plant survival, soil microbial biomass (SMB), plant biomass (PBP)production and allocation (PBA), and photosynthesis rates (PSR) were estimated.RESULTS ANO OISCUSSIONMortality, at 90 days, was reduced by 66.7 and 83.3% in soil amended with 1.5 and3.0%. (Fig.1). This suggests that some compounds present in PAD leaves, including theessential oils (Maia et aI., 1998), which is known to cause in vitro inhibition of mycelial growthof FSP and other plant pathogens (Bastos, 1997), could be inhibiting the pathogen in the soil.5MB was more representative in natural soil, independent of the FPAD addition. Ittended to increase in the presence of FSP in both soils, except for 1.5% of FPAD, even so itwas only been possible to detect signiftcant difference in natural soil, without the addition ofthis residue (Fig. 2). The correlation between plant survival and the 5MB was significant, butweak and negative (r= -0.43; p= 0.034), suggesting that microorganisms were not directlyresponsible for the reduction in plant mortality.Amendment at the 3.0% levei increased biomass production at ali treatmentcombinations (Fig 3), due to the addition of nutrients to soil, especially K, which is found inhigh amounts in PAD leaves and is one of the most requested nutrients by black pepper, andN, which can help reducing fusariosis. At the 1.5% levei, this trend was maintained, however,in the autoclaved/infested treatment, plant dry mass was reduced by 27%. That reductionwas not statistically significant.Plant biomass was preferentially partitioned to foliage in plants grown in amendedsoils, under ali treatment combinations (Fig. 4). This may suggest a characteristic of highnitrogen supply, which decreases the need of root production for nutrient uptake (Fitchner etaI., 1995), considering that the C/N ratio of FPAD was around 4.19 (Benchimol, 2002).No difference in the PSR could be detected in plants grown innoninfested/amended soils, compared to those in noninfested/nonamended soil. PSR valuesfor plants in infested/amended soil were significantly lower than in plants grown ininfested/nonamended soil (Fig. 5). We concluded that FPAD has potential for use as a soilamendment to suppress fusariosis and to promote growth in black pepper.REFERENCESBASTOS, C. N. Fito patologia Brasileira, v. 22, n. 3, p. 441-443.1997.BENCHIMOL, R L Efeito da casca de caranguejo e de resíduos de Piper aduncum nocontrole da fusariose e no desenvolvimento de mudas de pimenteira-do-reino. Belém: UFPA.Tese de Doutorado. 120 p. 2002.BENCHIMOL, RL.; SUTTON, J. C.; BASTOS, C.N.; DIAS-FILHO, M. B. Canadian Journalof Plant Pathology 23: 194,2001.FICHTNER, K.; KOCH, G.W.; MOONEY, H.A. Photosynthesis, storage and allocation. In:SCHULZE, E.D.; CALDWELL, M.M. (eds.). Ecophysiology of Photosynthesis. Berlin:Springer, 1995. p.132-146.MAlA, J. G. S.; ZOOHBY, M.G.B.; ANDRADE, E.H.A; SANTOS, A. S.; SILVA, M. H. L. da;LUZ, A. I. R; BASTOS, C. N. Flavor and Fragrance Journal, v. 13, n. 4, p. 269-272.1998.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors thank Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa, JapanInternational Corporation Agency - JICA; Federal University of Pará - UFPA and University ofGuelph for the support on this research.120IDO~100 . a80OJ. ~~ ~ 60 r'"-g 60 ro .aIE.Q)uUo.~ iiie '".o "Co o I(JJ 'l3."20 o ,o 201«I-6- p_:n 60 90 so 60 90 :n 60 90 ·0- Controle o' o o o u, u, u, o o o u, u, u, m",.,.0.00/a FP.AD 3,O%FP.AD 1.5%FP.AD u, u, u, o o: N U. U. U. o o: 11' D_o o: N c, n o o: N u,e, n, .. -c -c n, o. z z z --Época (dias) .. .. .. z z zFigure 1- Black pepper plant survival in soilinfested with FSP and amended withFPAD.Folhas de P. eduncum (%)Figure 2- Soil microbial biomass in soilamended with FPAD. Values are averages(+ SE)).12 r-r-r -, , -,Folhas de P. aduncum (%)Figure 3- Black pepper total dry massproduction in soil amended with FPAD andinfested with FSP.Figure 4- Biomass allocation in blackpepper plants grown in soil amended withFPAD. A= autoclaved soil: N= natural soil;PO=no amendment; P1= FPAD 1,5%; P2=FPAD 3,0%; FO= no pathogen; F=pathogen.E2: 4,5"":3- 30t'ill .I I-5 1,5u,0,0 '---"---'--0,0 1.5 3.0ContrOle0.0 1,5 3,0PatóçencFolhas de P. aduncum (%)Fig. 5- Photosynthesis rate of black pepperplants grown in soil amended with FPAD.

Piper aduncum helps fusariosis control and growth promotion in black pepper.

http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/bitstream/doc/575451/1/7028.pdf

Piper aduncum helps fusariosis control and growth promotion in black pepper.

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from Embrapa