Mortensen, Niels Gylling

The results of a comprehensive, 8-year wind resource assessment programme in Egypt are presented. The objective has been to provide reliable and accurate wind atlas data sets for evaluating the potential wind power output from large electricityproducing wind turbine installations. The regional wind climates of Egypt have been determined by two independent methods: a traditional wind atlas based on observations from more than 30 stations all over Egypt, and a numerical wind atlas based on long-term reanalysis data and a mesoscale model (KAMM). The mean absolute error comparing the two methods is about 10% for two large-scale KAMM domains covering all of Egypt, and typically about 5% for several smaller-scale regional domains. The numerical wind atlas covers all of Egypt, whereas the meteorological stations are concentrated in six regions. The Wind Atlas for Egypt represents a significant step forward in the application of the wind atlas methodology in Egypt. Not only does it provide a coherent and consistent overview of the wind energy resource over the entire land (and sea) area of Egypt, the results of the mesoscale modelling are further available in a database (numerical wind atlas) which may be employed directly for detailed wind resource assessments and siting of wind turbines and wind farms. Utilising this database together with elevation maps derived from the Space Shuttle Topography Mission and land-use maps constructed from satellite imagery, the wind resource and likely power production of a given wind farm can be estimated in a matter of hours – anywhere in Egypt. In addition to the very high wind resource in the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba, the wind atlas has discovered a large region in the Western Desert with a fairly high resource – close to consumers and the electrical grid. The KAMM simulations seem to capture the main features of the wind climate of Egypt, but in regions where the horizontal wind gradients are large, the uncertainties are large as well and additional measurements are required. The results are now published in a Wind Atlas for Egypt

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Wind Atlas for Egypt [Sound/Visual production (digital)]. 3rd Middle East-North AfricaRenewable Energy Conference (MENAREC 3), Cairo, Egypt, 12/06/20061Wind Atlas for EgyptA national database for wind resource assessment and wind power planningNiels G. MortensenWind Energy DepartmentRisø National LaboratoryMENAREC 3, Cairo, Egypt12 June 2006AcknowledgementsThe ”Wind Atlas for Egypt” is the result of a comprehensive team effort!• New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA), Cairo Laila Georgy Youssef (PM), Usama Said Said, Ashour Abd El-Salam Moussa, Mohammad Akmal Mahmoud• Egyptian Meteorological Authority (EMA), Cairo Ahmed El Sayed Yousef (PM), Adel Mahmoud Awad, Mahmoud Abd-El Raheem Ahmed, Mohamed A.M. Sayed, Mohamed Hussein Korany, Metwally Abd-El Baky Tarad• Risø National Laboratory (Risø), Roskilde J. Carsten Hansen (PM), Niels G. Mortensen, Jake Badger, Bo H. Jørgensen, Charlotte B. Hasager, Uwe S. Paulsen, Ole F. Hansen, Karen Enevoldsen• Orbicon (formerly HME and OrnisConsult), Roskilde Flemming P. Jensen (PM), Erik M. Jørgensen, Ib Clausager (NERI)Project funding provided by NREA, EMA and Danida – thank you!2Wind Farm PlanningWind Atlasfor EgyptBird MigrationAtlasMaps etc. §§LegislationMasterplansEIAGUIDELINESAPPROVALSWind Atlas for Egypt overview• Observational wind atlas• meteorological measurements• microscale modelling (WAsP)• Wind resource mapping• reanalysis wind climatologies (NCEP/NCAR)• mesoscale modelling (KAMM)• Numerical wind atlas• verification – measurements and models• Wind Atlas for Egypt book and CD-ROM• Applications and future• planning, feasibility studies, project preparation• wind farm planning and annual energy production3Sample meteorological mast in Zafarana25-m lattice tower, concrete foundation       Top-pole mounting to avoid flow distortionHurghada Cup Anemometer Calibration Facility10 anemometers being calibrated – reference anemometer in middle position:4Observational wind atlas• Analysis procedure ↑ (WAsP)Observed Wind Climate+ sheltering obstacles+ roughness map (GE, SWBD)+ elevation map (SRTM 3)⇒ Regional Wind Climate• Application procedure ↓ (WAsP)Regional Wind Climate+ sheltering obstacles+ roughness map+ elevation map⇒ Predicted Wind Climate+ power and thrust curves⇒ Predicted wind farm AEP5Wind resource mapping by modelling• Mesoscale model• Output: annual averages of wind speed and power• Regular horizontal grid• Area: 10,000-100,000’s of km2• Resolution: 3-5 km• Wind measurements are not required, but…• Super-computer and skilled staff are needed!• Uncertainty inherently larger than observational wind atlasRegional winds from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis6New wind resource map of Egypt• Map shows PWC• KAMM modelling• Resolution 7.5 km• Mean wind speed50 m a.g.l. [ms-1]• NCEP/NCAR data• GTOPO30 elevation• GLCC land cover• Terrain features may give higher wind speeds locally!• Output formats:• map graphics• statistics…and Egyptian offshore wind resources• Map shows PWC• KAMM modelling• Resolution 7.5 km• Mean wind speed50 m a.g.l. [ms-1]7Numerical wind atlas• NWA analysis procedure ↑ (WAsP-like)KAMM Predicted Wind Climate(> 50,000 virtual met. stations!)+ roughness map (GLCC)+ elevation map (GTOPO30)⇒ Regional Wind Climate• Application procedure ↓ (WAsP)Regional Wind Climate+ sheltering obstacles+ roughness map+ elevation map⇒ Predicted Wind Climate+ power and thrust curves⇒ Predicted wind farm AEPDetailed wind resources at Ras El-Hekma• WAsP modelling of detailed wind speed  @ 10 m a.g.l.• Resolution 100 m• KAMM wind map indicates Class 2• Offshore resource is higher: Class 5• Coastal resource is higher: Class 3/4• Hill/ridge resource is higher: Class 68Verification: Western Desert01234567891011121314150 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15NWA wind speed [m/s]WAsP wind speed [m/s]Abu SimbelAsswanDakla SouthKhargaShark El-Ouinat1:19Verification – Gulf of Suez01234567891011121314150 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15NWA wind speed [m/s]WAsP wind speed [m/s]Abu DaragAbu Darag NWGulf of-El-ZaytHurghada WETCSt. PaulZafarana M7ZafaranaEl-Zayt NW1:1Ras SedrKatamayaRas Ghareb10Wind Atlas for Egypt – application range1. Egyptian wind resources on national scale• Input: numerical wind atlas database (large domains)• Output: resource maps, statistics, GIS data,…• Purpose: national planning, decision making, master plans,…2. Regional resource assessments and wind power planning• Input: numerical wind atlas database (regional domains)• Output: as 1. + predicted wind climates, power productions,…• Purpose: regional planning, feasibility studies,…3. Local resource assessments and wind farm planning• Input: observational wind atlas data• Output: as 1. + predicted wind climates, power productions,…• Purpose: planning, feasibility studies, project preparation,…• Bankable ressource assessments close to met. stationsDetailed wind resources at Zafarana769000 770000 771000 772000 773000 774000Red Belt Easting [m]718000719000720000721000Red Belt Northing [m]2600270028002900300031003200Row 1Row 2Row 3Row 411A complete package…• Wind-climatological inputs• Observational wind atlas (30+ stations)• Numerical wind atlas (all of Egypt)• Topographical inputs covering all of Egypt• SRTM 3" elevation data• SRTM Water Body Data (coasts and lakes)• Google Earth satellite imagery (land-use)• Software tools• Microscale modelling tools (WAsP software)• Terrain mapping tools (Surfer, Map Editor, Didger)• Other resources• Wind atlases, wind farm planning report, capacity building, …• Bird Migration Atlas, EIA reports, guidelines, …The future…• Numerical wind atlas (KAMM/WAsP methodology)• Long-term data (1968-95) – infrequent updating ok• Observational wind atlas• Some reference met. stations should continue• New measurement programmes may be initiated• Cup anemometers must be rehabilitated and recalibrated• Wind Atlas for Egypt can be updated, extended and detailed• Main conclusions• wind ressource assessment, siting and wind farm planning can now be done within hours anywhere in Egypt• present approach to wind resource assessment and siting in Egypt may be continued for several years• numerical wind atlas methodology can be applied elsewhere12THE ENDThank you for your attention! ☺(slide by Magnus, 10 years old)MENA Region overview• 3 countries with national wind atlases: Algeria, Egypt and Jordan• 7 countries with some wind resource assessment and siting activities• 10 countries where no information was available (to me at least)− if you have any other or more information I’d like to know…

Wind Atlas for Egypt

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Wind Atlas for Egypt

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