Electric vehicle users are constantly looking for new improvements that further improve efficiency, safety and
ease of use. H. Simplicity and enjoyment in operating such vehicles. Computing and communication technologies have
helped facilitate and justify these trends. Given the phenomenon of the massive prevalence of computing microsystems
as embedded components in modern automobiles, we cannot help but recognize the safety and reliability issues of the
operation of such microsystems. Hmm. Here, we provide a brief historical overview of the development of automotive
embedded computing, discussing the complexity of automotive computing, exposure of I/O to benign and malicious
user actions, standardization of automotive computing networks, and their implications. Analyze release-related issues.
Networks for the Internet, that is, H. The problem of networking these networks. Furthermore, we present a unique
model of the malicious attack surface that electric vehicles can present at different levels of the abstraction hierarchy</p