Santos, F.

Vasconcelos, V.

English

International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion online publications

UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl)UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocks and suggest newmechanisms to prompt cooperation. Authors Vítor Vasconcelos and FernandoSantos on the articleVasconcelos, V.; Santos, F.Publication date2021Document VersionFinal published versionPublished inIAS ReviewLink to publicationCitation for published version (APA):Vasconcelos, V., & Santos, F. (2021). Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocksand suggest new mechanisms to prompt cooperation. Authors Vítor Vasconcelos andFernando Santos on the article. IAS Review, 2, [2.2]. https://ias.uva.nl/ias-review/past-issues/issue-2/issue-2-article-2.htmlGeneral rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s)and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an opencontent license (like Creative Commons).Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, pleaselet the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the materialinaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letterto: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Youwill be contacted as soon as possible.Download date:11 Nov 20222.2 Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocks and suggest new mechanisms to prompt cooperation - Institute for Advanced Study IAS - University of Amsterd...https://ias.uva.nl/ias-review/past-issues/issue-2/issue-2-article-2.html[14-1-2022 14:39:39]2.2 Biased perceptions explain collective actiondeadlocks and sugges new mechanisms to promptcooperationFernando P. Santos, Simon Levin and Vítor VasconcelosInstitute for Advanced Study IAS  IAS Review  Issues  Issue 2IAS Review Issues Editorial board For authors AboutKeywords: Cooperation; Social Perception Biases; Collective Action.Authors Vítor Vasconcelos and Fernando Santos on the article: Our mos urgent societal challenges involve sysem-wide changes in highly interrelated complex sysems andare often called transitions. Sysem transitions are collective action problems for which any single element,an individual or even a sector, loses by acting alone. The barriers to human cooperation in such dilemmas—and mechanisms to facilitate it—have inspired multiple research areas, including works in behavioralsciences and biology. At a fundamental level, collective action depends on individuals’ decision-making,which, in turn, depends on how people perceive their social environment (Fischbacher et al., 2001). Recentresults have pointed out how norm interventions—clarifying behaviors of others—are a primary insrumentto trigger cooperation (Miller and Prentice, 2016). Despite the centrality of expectations about others’behaviors in collective action, individuals often fail to accurately anticipate what others believe or how likelyInstitute for Advanced Study (IAS)  Menuuva.nl2.2 Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocks and suggest new mechanisms to prompt cooperation - Institute for Advanced Study IAS - University of Amsterd...https://ias.uva.nl/ias-review/past-issues/issue-2/issue-2-article-2.html[14-1-2022 14:39:39]they are to cooperate towards the collective good. Recent results show that individuals tend to sysematicallyperceive the number of potential cooperators in a population incorrectly (Levison et al., 2013; Mildenbergerand Tingley, 2019). Therefore, it is necessary to explore the efect of social perception biases in collectiveaction dynamics methodically to improve our undersanding of how to design efective interventions.In work by Santos, Levin, and Vasconcelos published at iScience (Cell Press) in April 2021, the authors opena new chapter on the research on collective action dynamics (chiefy, non-linear public goods games) whereperception biases are paramount to undersand observed behaviors and to fnd solutions to the complexcollective action problems we face. Their framework provides a sysematic sudy of the efects of expectationbiases on collective action dynamics. Based on previous behavioral science research, it combines methods ofevolutionary biology, satisical physics, and economics in a mathematical model that simulates populationscomprising individuals bes-responding to their perceived environment. The framework unifes the conceptsof ‘over-trus’, ‘under-trus’, ‘pluralisic ignorance’, and ‘false consensus.’ It shows that diferent observedsocial perception biases fundamentally impact traditional coordination results in non-linear public goodsgames and, importantly, can explain why some societies fnd themselves in sub-optimal deadlockconfgurations (e.g., without enough individuals cooperating to attain collective success). The sudy furthershows that incentives typically designed by the sysems’ managers (e.g., fees or monetary rewards) designedto remove these deadlocks have a radically diferent impact when considering identical populations that incurdiferent expectation biases. Undersanding which biases prevail in a population in issues like climate changeis thereby fundamental to develop efective interventions that trigger efective collective action.Further Readings Suggesions / References:Fischbacher, U., Gächter, S., & Fehr, E. (2001). Are people conditionally cooperative? Evidence from apublic goods experiment. Economics letters, 71(3), 397-404Miller, D. T., & Prentice, D. A. (2016). Changing norms to change behavior. Annual review of psychology,67, 339-361Levison, Z., Walker, I., & Morwinski, S. (2013). Your opinion on climate change might not be as commonas you think. Nature Climate Change, 3(4), 334-337.Mildenberger, M., & Tingley, D. (2019). Beliefs about climate beliefs: the importance of second-orderopinions for climate politics. British Journal of Political Science, 49(4), 1279-13072.2 Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocks and suggest new mechanisms to prompt cooperation - Institute for Advanced Study IAS - University of Amsterd...https://ias.uva.nl/ias-review/past-issues/issue-2/issue-2-article-2.html[14-1-2022 14:39:39]Institute for Advanced Study (IAS)University of Amsterdam Copyright UvA 2022 Disclaimer  Cookies  Privacy  Cookie settingsQuick linksVacanciesContact usTwitterSantos, F. P., Levin, S. A., Vasconcelos, V. V. (2021) Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocksand sugges new mechanisms to prompt cooperation. iScience, Volume 24, Issue 4,2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102375Read the full article hereInstitute for Advanced Study IAS  IAS Review  Issues  Issue 2

Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocks and suggest new mechanisms to prompt cooperation. Authors Vítor Vasconcelos and Fernando Santos on the article

UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl)UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocks and suggest newmechanisms to prompt cooperation. Authors Vítor Vasconcelos and FernandoSantos on the articleVasconcelos, V.; Santos, F.Publication date2021Document VersionFinal published versionPublished inIAS ReviewLink to publicationCitation for published version (APA):Vasconcelos, V., & Santos, F. (2021). Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocksand suggest new mechanisms to prompt cooperation. Authors Vítor Vasconcelos andFernando Santos on the article. IAS Review, 2, [2.2]. https://ias.uva.nl/ias-review/past-issues/issue-2/issue-2-article-2.htmlGeneral rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s)and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an opencontent license (like Creative Commons).Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, pleaselet the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the materialinaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letterto: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Youwill be contacted as soon as possible.Download date:15 Apr 20232.2 Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocks and suggest new mechanisms to prompt cooperation - Institute for Advanced Study IAS - University of Amsterd...https://ias.uva.nl/ias-review/past-issues/issue-2/issue-2-article-2.html[14-1-2022 14:39:39]2.2 Biased perceptions explain collective actiondeadlocks and sugges new mechanisms to promptcooperationFernando P. Santos, Simon Levin and Vítor VasconcelosInstitute for Advanced Study IAS  IAS Review  Issues  Issue 2IAS Review Issues Editorial board For authors AboutKeywords: Cooperation; Social Perception Biases; Collective Action.Authors Vítor Vasconcelos and Fernando Santos on the article: Our mos urgent societal challenges involve sysem-wide changes in highly interrelated complex sysems andare often called transitions. Sysem transitions are collective action problems for which any single element,an individual or even a sector, loses by acting alone. The barriers to human cooperation in such dilemmas—and mechanisms to facilitate it—have inspired multiple research areas, including works in behavioralsciences and biology. At a fundamental level, collective action depends on individuals’ decision-making,which, in turn, depends on how people perceive their social environment (Fischbacher et al., 2001). Recentresults have pointed out how norm interventions—clarifying behaviors of others—are a primary insrumentto trigger cooperation (Miller and Prentice, 2016). Despite the centrality of expectations about others’behaviors in collective action, individuals often fail to accurately anticipate what others believe or how likelyInstitute for Advanced Study (IAS)  Menuuva.nl2.2 Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocks and suggest new mechanisms to prompt cooperation - Institute for Advanced Study IAS - University of Amsterd...https://ias.uva.nl/ias-review/past-issues/issue-2/issue-2-article-2.html[14-1-2022 14:39:39]they are to cooperate towards the collective good. Recent results show that individuals tend to sysematicallyperceive the number of potential cooperators in a population incorrectly (Levison et al., 2013; Mildenbergerand Tingley, 2019). Therefore, it is necessary to explore the efect of social perception biases in collectiveaction dynamics methodically to improve our undersanding of how to design efective interventions.In work by Santos, Levin, and Vasconcelos published at iScience (Cell Press) in April 2021, the authors opena new chapter on the research on collective action dynamics (chiefy, non-linear public goods games) whereperception biases are paramount to undersand observed behaviors and to fnd solutions to the complexcollective action problems we face. Their framework provides a sysematic sudy of the efects of expectationbiases on collective action dynamics. Based on previous behavioral science research, it combines methods ofevolutionary biology, satisical physics, and economics in a mathematical model that simulates populationscomprising individuals bes-responding to their perceived environment. The framework unifes the conceptsof ‘over-trus’, ‘under-trus’, ‘pluralisic ignorance’, and ‘false consensus.’ It shows that diferent observedsocial perception biases fundamentally impact traditional coordination results in non-linear public goodsgames and, importantly, can explain why some societies fnd themselves in sub-optimal deadlockconfgurations (e.g., without enough individuals cooperating to attain collective success). The sudy furthershows that incentives typically designed by the sysems’ managers (e.g., fees or monetary rewards) designedto remove these deadlocks have a radically diferent impact when considering identical populations that incurdiferent expectation biases. Undersanding which biases prevail in a population in issues like climate changeis thereby fundamental to develop efective interventions that trigger efective collective action.Further Readings Suggesions / References:Fischbacher, U., Gächter, S., & Fehr, E. (2001). Are people conditionally cooperative? Evidence from apublic goods experiment. Economics letters, 71(3), 397-404Miller, D. T., & Prentice, D. A. (2016). Changing norms to change behavior. Annual review of psychology,67, 339-361Levison, Z., Walker, I., & Morwinski, S. (2013). Your opinion on climate change might not be as commonas you think. Nature Climate Change, 3(4), 334-337.Mildenberger, M., & Tingley, D. (2019). Beliefs about climate beliefs: the importance of second-orderopinions for climate politics. British Journal of Political Science, 49(4), 1279-13072.2 Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocks and suggest new mechanisms to prompt cooperation - Institute for Advanced Study IAS - University of Amsterd...https://ias.uva.nl/ias-review/past-issues/issue-2/issue-2-article-2.html[14-1-2022 14:39:39]Institute for Advanced Study (IAS)University of Amsterdam Copyright UvA 2022 Disclaimer  Cookies  Privacy  Cookie settingsQuick linksVacanciesContact usTwitterSantos, F. P., Levin, S. A., Vasconcelos, V. V. (2021) Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocksand sugges new mechanisms to prompt cooperation. iScience, Volume 24, Issue 4,2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102375Read the full article hereInstitute for Advanced Study IAS  IAS Review  Issues  Issue 2

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Biased perceptions explain collective action deadlocks and suggest new mechanisms to prompt cooperation. Authors Vítor Vasconcelos and Fernando Santos on the article

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