Background and Aim: Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) refers to the pathological returnof urine from the bladder to the ureter and then to the kidney in some patients. Vitamin Ddeficiency is associated with some renal diseases. This study examines the relationshipbetween vitamin D deficiency and urinary reflux.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 children referred to Amir Kabir Hospitalin Arak, Iran, were divided into 2 groups of patients with VUR (n=100) and anothergroup of pediatric participants considered healthy and had no findings of VUR (n=100).Confirmation of diagnosis was performed via voiding cystourethrogram. Serum vitaminD levels were evaluated by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) methodin all participants.Results: The results showed that the rate of vitamin D deficiency was 38% and 42%in the case and control groups, respectively. Therefore, no significant correlation wasobserved between the two study groups in terms of vitamin D deficiency. This findingwas regardless of VUR complications affecting vitamin D metabolism.Conclusion: We assume that VUR is a complicated condition with severalcomplications, and the relationship of each complication with vitamin D deficiency hasbeen determined to some extent in previous studies; however, this condition cannot beconsidered an independent factor leading to vitamin D deficiency
