Molding equipment waste plastic former household scale aims to determine the optimum temperature melting of the quality of products produced on the result of the plastic molding tool. Waste plastics molding tool is designed as a whole, using a stainless steel material for its design and material brass lever for parts heater. This methods tool works injection molding using a heater as a means of recycle plastic to produce versatile products. Parameters were tested in these experiments is that violence against melting temperature for the product of sample HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) and samples of products PP (Polypropylene). From the data obtained can be seen that the optimum temperature is good for sample HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) is 340°C, with the injection time of 3.9 minutes, while for sample PP (Polypropylene) is at a temperature of 290oC with injection time of 3.1 minutes. To test the hardness of products, product PP (Polypropylene) is better than the product samples HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)

Hilwatullisan, Hilwatullisan

Margaretty, Elina

Silviati, Idha

POLSRI REPOSITORY

E13Proceeding Forum in Research, Science, and Technology (FIRST) 2016DESIGN PRINTING EQUIPMENT WASTE OF PLASTICS SCALEHOUSEHOLD WITH MOLDING INJECTION METHODEIdha Silviati1), Elina Margaretty2), Hilwatulisan3)1)Chemical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya, Palembang, IndonesiaE-mail: idhasanjaya@yahoo.com2)Chemical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya, Srijaya Negara Street, Palembang 30139, IndonesiaE-mail: elinamargaretty@yahoo.com3)Chemical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya, Srijaya Negara Street, Palembang, 30139, IndonesiaE-mail: hilwatulisan@yahoo.comAbstract. Molding equipment waste plastic former household scale aims to determine the optimum temperature meltingof the quality of products produced on the result of the plastic molding tool. Waste plastics molding tool is designed as awhole, using a stainless steel material for its design and material brass lever for parts heater. This methods tool worksinjection molding using a heater as a means of recycle plastic to produce versatile products. Parameters were tested inthese experiments is that violence against melting temperature for the product of sample HDPE (High DensityPolyethylene) and samples of products PP (Polypropylene). From the data obtained can be seen that the optimumtemperature is good for sample HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) is 340°C, with the injection time of 3.9 minutes,while for sample PP (Polypropylene) is at a temperature of 290oC with injection time of 3.1 minutes. To test the hardnessof products, product PP (Polypropylene) is better than the product samples HDPE (High Density Polyethylene).Keywords: Plastic, Injection Molding, PP, HDPEI. INTRODUCTIONPlastic is an ingredient artificial inorganic consistof chemical substances quite dangerous for theenvironment [5].Waste of plastic is difficult to outlinednaturally.To decipher plastic waste itself need more orless 80 years in order to degrade perfectly. Hence useplastic can be said unfriendly or conservative for theenvironment when used without using the rules. Whilein the daily life, especially any of us in Indonesia, theuse of plastic we can find in almost all the activity ofour lives. When we realize, we can do more for this isby using return (reuse) plastic bags kept at home. Thusindirectly we have reduced waste plastic that can bewasted after use (reduce). Or even better if we canrecycling plastic into something more use full. Theutilization of waste plastic is to reduce the disposal ofplastic minimum and to a certain extent save resourcesand reduce dependence raw materials import. Theutilization of waste plastic can be done by using return(reuse) and recycling (recycle). In Indonesia, theutilization of waste plastic in scale households aregenerally to the use with the different purposes, forexample the paint made of plastic used for the pot orbucket. Plastic is material we often find in daily life.Technological progress and industry made activities ofthe production of plastic increase. Almost all productusing plastic either as packing or starter. Materialplastic mostly used because they have excess in it islight, transparent, waterproof, and are relatively cheapand affordable by all the community. All excellencethis make plastic popular and much used almost everyaspect of human life. As a result, numbers theproduction of plastic that will to be trash that alsocontinue to rise. Lack of awareness of waste and thelevel of consumption the community as well as otheractivities who rush into cause of trash kept accumulateat the dump water. Trash commonly found that arebottles, detergents, and plastic bags, the trash generallystill can recycled to be any valuable product. Theplastic type are plastic having violence and the highdensity that in  recycling needed instrument a moldcapable of melting plastic bag. Four types of wasteplastics are popular and in demand that is Linear LowDensity Polyethylene (LLDPE), Low DensityPolyethylene (LDPE), High Density Polyethylene(HDPE) and Polypropylene (PP) [3].Came the idea how to enable local communities torecycle plastic waste independently into a usefulIdha Silviati, Design Printing Equipment Waste ...  E14product or selling value, so that the amount of plasticwaste out of the house can be reduced in number andcan directly increase revenue is needed tool designplastic molding small capacity that is appropriate forthe purpose household industry.In addition, the powerconsumed this tool does not exceed the capacity ofdomestic power that is less than 900 or 1300 watts. Thepurpose of this study is designing and making theplastic molding equipment recycling household scalewith injection molding method for molding plasticrecycling type of polypropylene (PP) and high densitypolyethylene (HDPE), then obtain the meltingtemperature optimum product results from the moldingtool plastic molding by analyzing the physical form ofthe endurance test of friction.II. LITERATUREA. PlasticPlastics are long-chain polymers bind atoms to oneanother. Polymers derived from the Latin poly (many)and merous (part), in which the element is comprisedof many (usually hundreds) repeating unit, blockbuilding called mer, showing unit repetitive small,equal to the term unitcell used in connection with thestructure crystals of metal [4].Polymer long-chainmolecules, also called as macromolecules or largemolecule, which is formed by polymerization, bylinking and cross-linking of different monomers.TABLE ISPECIFIC GRAVITY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF PLASTICSResin Specific Gravity (g/cm3)Polypropylen (PP) 0.85-0.90LDPE 0.91-0.93HDPE 0.93-0.96Polystirene (PS) 1.05-1.08ABS 0.99-1.10PVC 1.15-1.65Asetil Selulosa 1.23-1.34Poliamida 1.09-1.14Poly Carbonate 1.20Poly Acetal 1.38Sources: https://lordbroken.wordpress.comTABLE IITHE MELTING TEMPERATURE THERMOPLASTIC PROCESSESProcessing Temperature RateMaterial oC oFABS 180 – 240 356 – 464Acetal 185 – 225 365 – 437Acrylic 180 – 250 356 – 482Nylon 260 – 290 500 – 554Poly Carbonat 280 – 310 536 – 590LDPE 160 – 240 320 – 464HDPE 200 – 280 392 – 536PP 200 – 300 392 – 572PS 180 – 260 356 – 500PVC 160 - 180 320 – 365Sources: https://lordbroken.wordpress.comB. Mold Machine Injection of PlasticMold is a tool used to form part in accordance withdesign we want (form and dimension) [8]. Otherdefinition, mold is a cavity has a particular form(design) to make a product for a rapid in a step andcheap [4].The price of making mold is very expensive,usually making mold done to a mass production andlarge industry.Construction based substance of mold consisting ofhardened steel, pre-hardened steel, aluminium andberyllium copper alloy. But, election material mold asa board outline are on a matter of economicsconsidering age discharging mold, that usually showedby shot [10].C. Injection MoldingThe principles of injection molding in plasticmaterial comprising a softening stage in a heatedcylinder and then injected into a mold that is colder, sothe plastic harden [4]. Containers that have beenmolded ejected from the mold by a tool, compressedair or other tools. This technique is expensive and lesseconomical. This process is very suitable forthermoplastic material, due to the heating, the materialwill become soft. And conversely, will harden againwhen cooled. These changes are only physicals, notchemical changes, which mean that the process ofsoftening and hardening again can be repeated at anytime, making it possible to recycle the thermoplasticmaterial according to the needs.III. RESEARCH METHODSA. Design Tools Mold Waste Plastic Injection MoldingFig 1. Design Tool Mold Waste Plastic Injection MoldingDesign ToolMold PlasticInjectionUnitHeaterThermocontrolBracemoldE15Proceeding Forum in Research, Science, and Technology (FIRST) 2016B. Materials and EquipmentMaterials used in the injection molding process is :Polypropylene (PP), High Density Polyethylene(HDPE). Materials used in the design of injectionmolding tools is  iron plat 15 mm, Heaters ( HeatingElement ),  Thermocouples, Control temperature, Asnozzle,  Box Panel,  As threaded screw, Uring AsStang nozzle, Uring vise, Plate Clamp vise, Bolts 17,Home Box Heating Element,  Cable, Welding,  EyeGrenda Cut,  Glass Woll, Stang vise, Plat Desk Tooland  Block Heaters Plastic, The nozzle,  A set ofInjection Molding Tool, A set of 1 piece SwipeSecurity Tool and  Analytical Balance.C. Experimental ProcedureManufacture of Plastic Molding Plastic InjectionMolding Tool Operational way of injection moldingplastic molding tools are as follows:1. Tool prepared waste plastics molding on thetable with a height of 50-65 cm, it is in order toprovide comfort to the operator at the time ofinjection process.2. Plastic raw materials to be used are prepared asinjection process, in this study the plastic usedis household waste plastics PP and HDPEtypes that previously had been cut into smallpieces first in order to get into the barrel.3. The heating system at thermocontrol turned onand set the temperature corresponding to themelting point of the plastic to be used.4. Once the heating system reaches the specifiedtemperature, then is input PP and HDPEplastics that have been cut into small piecesbefore into the barrel.5. Plastic that has been inserted into the barrelwould decline the temperature of which ispredetermined, the process at least takesbetween 16-54 seconds to return to apredetermined temperature.6. The next step is to mold placed on the moldclamp and tighten it by turning the threadedrod clamp gripping the mold so that mold.7. Waste kinds of plastic household PP andHDPE injected into the mold.8. The last step is remove from the mold clampmolds and refrigerate for 10 seconds, thenremove the product from the mold.IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONA. Results1. Testing Tools Molding Plastic Injection MoldingProducedHere's a table that contains the results of stresstests hardness plastic products using injection moldingplastic molding tools. Results of analysis of thefrictional resistance of used types of PP(Polypropylene) and HDPE (High DensityPolyethylene) can be seen in TableIII.TABEL IIIRESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF THE FRICTIONAL RESISTANCENo SampleTemperatureoCTime(minute)HardnessTest (kgf)1.2.3.HDPE (HighDensityPolythylene)340 3,9 341.2.3.PP(Polypropylene)290 3,1 30B. Discussion1. A Mold Plastic with Injection MoldingInjection molding operate as in needles, where themelting of plastic injected into mold closed that beinside the machine, so that the melt full fill the spacethat is at mold according form of the intendedproduct[1].The process cycle for injection moldingconsist of four stage [4] namely; clamping, beforeinjection material into mold, two part of mold must beclosed on a machine; injection, plastic liquid injectedinto mold and full fill the space according a form of theindented product; cooling is a process of cooling thematerial plastic after injection process; ejection, whenmold opened, a mechanism used to ejection system isto stimulate a part of plastic of a mold. In making amold plastic, the injection molding there were severalanalysis undertaken in order to get a mold able toproduce the product of plastic use full with goodquality.2. Analysis Power HeaterLarge power heater hanging from a kind ofmaterial, mass object that is to be heated and time thatwant to taken in reached a certain temperature. Todetermine large of power heater used formulation ofproducer heater. From calculation was obtainedresource needed to heating the heater until reachtemperatures 340oC and 290oC is 252 watt, where bytemperature is able to melt HDPE (High DensityPolyethylene) and PP (Polypropylene). Power heaterwas obtained through the way thatcount area of tubeheater used. Calculation power heater affect the qualityIdha Silviati, Design Printing Equipment Waste ...  E16of product produced, because for melt sample HDPE(High Density Polyethylene) that good, must be reachthe optimum temperature [6].3. Analysis Melting TimeThe time it takes heater to reach melt temperaturein sample HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) is 3.9minutes, while the time it takes for injection sample PP(polypropylene) reached 2.4 minutes. Melting timeHDPE longer when compared to polymer PP, it wasbecause the nature of HDPE more hard and rigid andchain of polymer longer hence melting time will bemore long [7]. Time injection affect quality of productproduced, because the longer time so sample out fromthe nozzle will be more melting so easy to molding [6].4. Analysis Hardness the ProductOn this research analysis hardness against aproduct produced such product sample HDPE (HighDensity Polyethylene) and PP (Polypropylene). Testthe hardness aims to determining the quality of plastic.If plastic has hardness high so plastic will be moredifficult melted, therefore time required will be longer.Results of sample have been obtained tested by put thesample into the press tool, then turn on the press tooland wait for 30 second. After that, sample has testedwill shaped plates.The results of hardness in the sample HDPE (HighDensity Polyethylene) dan PP(Polypropylene)obtainedby 34 kgf/cm2, while for sample PP (Polypropylene) asmuch as30 kgf/cm2. Sample with the hardness low isbetter than sample with the hardness high. In thistesting, sample PP (Polypropylene) better than sampleHDPE (High Density Polyethylene), this is becausedensityof HDPE is higher (0.951 g/cm3) whencompared withdensity of PP that is 0.8814 gr/cm3 [2].HDPE having degrees of crystalinity low in branchingand has power between molecule very high andstrength tensil [3].5. Analysis of Melt TemperatureAfter did the hardness test, then analyzed thattemperature affect the product produced, due theproduct can be seen that sample PP (Polypropylene)have degree of hardness high compared sample HDPE(High Density Polyethylene). Melt temperature ofHDPE (High Density Polyethylene) more highcompared with PP (Polypropylene), because duringtemperature 290oC sample PP (Polypropylene) donewith form liquid, so that can quickly and easy tomolded. While for sampleHDPE (High DensityPolyethylene) when temperature 340oC product stillform gel that required more time, it was because of thenature of crystalinityHDPE will decrease due of theheating [11].CONCLUSIONFrom a series of studies that have been done by afew conclusions from the study about the design ofinjection molding plastic molding tool, namely:From the results of research using the method ofinjection molding the most favorable conditions,namely the temperature of HDPE is higher than thetemperature of PP, because when the temperature of340oC sample the PP is a liquid with the injection timeof 3.9 minutes so that it can quickly and easily moldwhile for samples HDPE when the temperature 290°Cwith injection time of 3.1 minutes , because the productis still shaped gel so it takes a longer time until thesample is liquid and can be molded.ACKNOWLEGMENTThe authors give thank you to all parties whohelped in this research, especially to RISTEKDIKTIwhich has given research funds. Utterance thanks alsoto technician laboratory has helped contributing in thisresearch. Hope full this research use full for the otherresearchers.REFERENCES[1] Bodirlau, R., Teaca, C. A., & Spiridon, 1. 2009. Preparation andcharacterization of composites comprising modified hardwood andwood polymers/poly (vinyl chloride). BioResources, 4(4), 1285-1304.[2] Clareyna, Eqitha Dea dan Mawarani, Lizda Johar. 2013.Pembuatan dan Karakteristik Komposit Polimer BerpenguatBagasse. Jurnal Teknik POM ITS. Vol. 2, No. 2, Tahun 2013.Jurusan Teknik Fisika, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, InstitutTeknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya.[3] IMASILKAN.Tipe dan Jenis Kemasan Plastik (Online),Universitas Sriwijaya, http://thi.fp.unsri.ac.id.[4] Moerbani, J., 1999.Plastic Moulding, Diktat Kuliah. AkademiTeknik Mesin Industri (ATMI): Surakarta.[5] Prembayun Ageng. 2013. Daur Ulang Plastik danPemanfaatannya. http://www.apotas.com.[6] Suharto. 2013. Rancang Produk Bahan Plastik Daur UlangSebagai Upaya Peningkatan Industri Kreatif. Jurusan TeknikMesin, Hal 41-46. Politeknik Negeri Semarang, Semarang..[7] Suharto. 2013. Mekanisme Hidrolisis pada Mesin Injeksi PlastikTipe Plunyer Manual. Jurusan Teknik Mesin,hal 183-188.,Politeknik Negeri Semarang: Semarang.[8] Suharto. 2013. Pemberdaya UKM Cetak Plastik Sumber RejekiJatingaleh Semarang. Vol. 9 No. 2, Juli 2013. Jurusan TeknikMesin, Politeknik Negeri Semarang, Semarang. hal 154-159.[9] Sutoro, Eko. 2002. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa. Materi DiklatPemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa.[10] Syafitrie, Chaerunisa. 1997. Analisis Aspek Sosial EkonomiPemanfaatan Sampah Plastik. Tesis, Sekolah Pascasarjana, InstitutPertanian Bogor: Bogor.[11] Wahyudi, U. 2013. Studi Pengaruh Injection Time danBackpressure Terhadap Cacat Penyusutan Pada Produk KemasanToples dengan Proses Injection Molding Menggunakan MaterialPolistyrene. Program Studi Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik,Universitas Mercubuana. 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DESIGN PRINTING EQUIPMENT WASTE OF PLASTICS SCALE HOUSEHOLD WITH MOLDING INJECTION METHODE

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DESIGN PRINTING EQUIPMENT WASTE OF PLASTICS SCALE HOUSEHOLD WITH MOLDING INJECTION METHODE

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