Ayurveda has a speciality that it can cater both healthy and sick people by using same raw drugs. Anupana is a wonder tool which helps to enhance drug action, change mode of action, helps to get rid of undesired effects, enhance bio availability and makes the medicine palatable as well as target oriented. Anupana is used for both medicine as well as food. Even though there are so many advantages of proper Anupana, there are many practical difficulties while selecting Anupana in day to day practice. Various reasons like availability, palatability, difficulty in preparations are few to name. Patient comes with such difficulties in every day practice which forces a Vaidya to use anything available and comfortable to the patient. This definitely results in action of medicine as well as food. This article aims to find out such hassles and ways to overcome it

Dr. Kirti Anil Keskar

Dr. Sri Nagesh K. A.

English

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS)

``````222222errrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrmjmkj,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,m   ISSN: 2456-3110                                                       REVIEW ARTICLE Sep-Oct 2018  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Sep - Oct  2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 5 93  A Study on the Limitations for Anupana Dr. Kirti Anil Keskar,1 Dr. Sri Nagesh K. A.2 1Post Graduate Scholar, 2Professor & HOD, Dept. of PG studies in Samhita and Siddhanta, Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science And Research Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA.                  INTRODUCTION Ayurveda was the first available medicine to mankind since thousands of years. Due to popularity among educated or health conscious people who have over the period of time understood that  Ayurvedic medicine is the most easily accepted by the human body. Though Anupana has a many fold action, it is the most neglected factor now a days. This negligence may be due to lack of knowledge and time to prepare and consume or to carry with. People think that they need not follow any rules as such because they think that it will act slowly and it has no undesired effects. Sadly,  young  generation  of  Vaidyas  is  unknowingly Address for correspondence:  Dr. Kirti Anil Keskar Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of PG studies in Samhita and Siddhanta, Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science And Research Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. E-mail: kirtis2001@yahoo.com  Submission Date : 13/08/2018 Accepted Date: 20/09/2018 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in  DOI: 10.21760/jaims.v3i5.13824 encouraging this thought. It’s time to take action now before it is too late and we should not wait to get this concept back again from the western people. When we speak about medicine one should not forget diet. Many people are turning to Ayurveda for diet advice. As diet is one of the Upstambha, providing nourishment to all body factors, utmost care is to be taken while selecting Anupana for food also. Though all the Vidhi Vidhana are followed, best raw material is used, but not served with proper Anupana, food will not give favourable results.   REVIEW ON ANUPANA Vivid description of Anupana in Veda, Upanishadas, Purana, Ramayana, Mahabharat, Jainism, Samhita and recent period of Rasa Shastra is available. Etymology and Definition   Anu + Pana   Anu - which follows   Pana - drink  Anupana is the liquid which is consumed after the diet or food.[1] The one which is not opposing Dhatus is called as Anupana.[2] A B S T R A C T  Ayurveda has a speciality that it can cater both healthy and sick people by using same raw drugs. Anupana is a wonder tool which helps to enhance drug action, change mode of action, helps to get rid of undesired effects, enhance bio availability and makes the medicine palatable as well as target oriented. Anupana is used for both medicine as well as food. Even though there are so many advantages of proper Anupana, there are many practical difficulties while selecting Anupana in day to day practice. Various reasons like availability, palatability, difficulty in preparations are few to name. Patient comes with such difficulties in every day practice which forces a Vaidya to use anything available and comfortable to the patient. This definitely results in action of medicine as well as food. This article aims to find out such hassles and ways to overcome it. Key words: Anupana, Food, Medicine. Dr. Kirti Anil Keskar et.al. A Study on the Limitations for Anupana ISSN: 2456-3110                                                       REVIEW ARTICLE Sep-Oct 2018  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Sep - Oct  2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 5 94  Anu - after, along, along side, near to, with etc.  Pa - to drink, sip, swallow, to drink up Anupana is defined as a fluid vehicle in medicine, drink taken with or after the medicine, drink after eating, and drink to be had near at hand.[3] Indications for Anupana Those who fast, walk a lot, speak a lot, indulge in intercourse quite frequently, suffering due to excessive work, get exposed to wind and sun a lot Anupana has to be used. Milk is best for them. Those who want to get plump body Sura is best and for those who desire a lean body Honey water is best. Those who are suffering from indigestion, insomnia, grief, fear, and Klama, Madhya with Mamsa is best.[4] Contraindications for Anupana One who is suffering from upper clavicular diseases, hiccups, cough, asthma, urakshata; those who are singers, speakers and students should avoid water as an Anupana after food. If water is consumed by these people after food then unctuousness reduces increasing dryness and thus leading to Dosha increase which causes diseases.[5]  Sushruta adds to the above as one who is suffering from hoarseness of voice, too much secretions is the mouth, Anupana should be avoided.[6] Vagbhata in Ashtanga Samgraha says that patients suffering from Prameha, eye disorders, diseases of throat, injured and whose body is with lot of Kleda should avoid taking Anupana.[7] The one who is suffering from disorders of upper clavicular part; one who is suffering from diseases like Hikka, Shwasa, Kasa, Urakshata, Pinasa etc.; one who sings a lot, talks a lot and patients of Swarabheda should avoid taking (water as) Anupana after food. Those who are suffering from Prameha, eye disorders, diseases of throat, injured and whose body is with lot of Kleda should avoid taking Anupana.[8] Excess &/or continuous use of Sura, Sauvira, Tushodaka, Maireya, Madhulaka, Shukta, Kuvala, Badaramla etc. as an Anupana leads to Raktapitta.[9] Restrictions after taking Anupana Those who take Anupana should avoid travelling, shouting, reading loudly, singing, sleeping too much talking or talking loudly, too much of talking, going into sun or near fire, immediate travelling to avoid further increase/imbalance of Doshas.[10] Best Anupana Water is the best Anupana as it is the chief source of all the tastes; as it is accustomed to all living beings and possesses the properties of maintaining life.[11] Selection of Anupanas Anupana taken with diet should have the properties opposite to that of food taken but should not be incompatible when taken along with it. Anupana taken with medicines should be complimenting to the medicines consumed.[12] A person, who is obese, should be given honey water as an Anupana.[13] Vessel for Anupana Any liquid kept in a vessel acquires properties of the vessel used; hence a specified vessel has to be taken. In unavailability of the specified one, mud pot is best.[14] Methodology This is a Literary study on limitations and problems faced while prescribing Anupana. Source of data Literary data was collected from Samhita Granthas like Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Samgraha, Ashtanga Hrudaya, Laghu Trayee and Adhunika Granthas.  OBJECTIVES To understand the limitations of Anupana with reasons. To discover the solutions for restrictions / limitations while prescribing Anupana. Study design The references regarding the restrictions and contra indications for Anupana will be collected from various Dr. Kirti Anil Keskar et.al. A Study on the Limitations for Anupana ISSN: 2456-3110                                                       REVIEW ARTICLE Sep-Oct 2018  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Sep - Oct  2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 5 95  classical texts of Ayurveda and other contemporary sciences and the logic behind those restrictions will be critically analyzed. The probable solutions for those restrictions will be discovered. DISCUSSION Discussion on Anupana While prescribing Anupana a Vaidya has to assess so many factors like Prakruti, Vikruti, age, strength, time, place, Satmya, Vihara, Satva, type of medicine or food. Main intention is to select an Anupana which act against food or disease, not Dhatus. But after this the patient shows incapacity to procure that specific Anupana many a times and asks is it ok if I take it with water? The reason behind this is difficulty in preparing Anupana like Tandulodaka / Kashaya / Ksheerapaka at work place or while travelling. Many a times they say that it takes lot of time in preparation or arranging it. Anyway it’s the action of medicine which is going to work on the disease, Anupana is a simply vehicle so it’s fine with any liquid.  In case of both food and medicine, Anupana used before, along with or afterwards it, has different actions. Milk, when it is taken regularly without following specific time just as a drink, it can be called as ‘Pana’ but the same if consumed after use of Rasayana it becomes ‘Anupana’ for that compound. Though milk can be prescribed easily for most of the people, few are allergic to it or don’t like smell of it. For these people milk can be boiled with certain herbs like ginger, cardamom or turmeric according to the disease or climate. A patient of Pitta Prakruti can be advised for Sheeta Anupana but if he / she is having Ama one has to use the Anupana which is Sheeta but at the same time Ama Pachana. This is best understood as cold water/ drinks immediately after heavy, sweet food leads to further increase in thirst. Liquids like buttermilk treated with herbs also can be used in conditions like Atisara, Grahani especially. Amongst all the Anupana, water is widely used everywhere as it is easily accepted by everyone’s body due to its properties. Why not cold water? Certain disease like Shwasa where Anupana is contraindicated, it has to be taken as excess use, especially cold water. This increases Kapha in the body and thus increase the disease. In these conditions hot water or water boiled with ginger can be used.  Be careful with the amount of water you drink Diseases where Kleda is in excess like Kushtha, Prameha, Atisara can’t be given Anupana in excess. Patients suffering from these diseases should be advised for water treated with Deepana, Pachana Dravyas like Shunthi, Dhanyaka, Jeeraka which are very easy to prepare at home. This will help to pacify their thirst as well as not do the Kleda Vruddhi. Patients who are suffering from diseases of eye, nose, ear, throat, head also are contraindicated for consuming Anupana, this can be best understood as these have excess secretions due to Kapha, use of different soups which are treated with Kapha Shamaka Dravyas like Masoora, Kulatha with Musta, Shunthi, Jeeraka, Hingu can be advised in them. Patients suffering from Ama, Agnimandya, Ajeerna are to be advised for Ushna Jala or Jala which is prepared with Musta, Shunthi, Jeeraka which helps for Ama Pachana and automatically thirst is relieved. I am healthy, then why hot water for me? Conditions where a Swastha person is used to talk a lot, sing, shout, read loudly are prone to have Vata Prakopa where use of cold water will lead to Vata Prakopa. In these conditions warm water or water with Madhura Dravya (simple sugar candy also works) is highly beneficial. This can be followed in people who do lot of exercise and drink cold water. As generally it is seen that after gym or exercise people tend to drink lot of water as it is advised. But by drinking cold water they are inviting Vata Prakopa. People who come from outside hot Sun or those who work near fire, furnace or who sweat a lot can be given Panaka made up with Amla, Madhura Dravya Dr. Kirti Anil Keskar et.al. A Study on the Limitations for Anupana ISSN: 2456-3110                                                       REVIEW ARTICLE Sep-Oct 2018  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Sep - Oct  2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 5 96  which help to retain their energy and pacify thirst also.   After use of Anupana if a person indulges into activities like exercise, travelling, shouting, talking etc. it is seen that Vata Prakopa happens leading to body pain, throat pain, stomach pain.  Be careful if you are taking honey with hot water People who want to lose weight often ask if they can have honey water?  Most of the times they take it with hot / warm water. Ayurveda says mixing honey with any thing hot causes Visha (toxins) in the body. By doing this they are inviting problems, they can be advised to have it with room temperature water which will give the results. How much amount of water one should consume daily?  Without a second thought the answer comes is 3-4 liters. But being Ayurvedic practioners one must answer it as it depends on your body type, the work you do and season. Person working in A/C room, no physical activity or in winter doesn’t need that much of water where as someone who works near fire, in hot sun or in summer needs more water. This water rather than having plain can be given in the form of Panaka or fruit juices etc.  Precaution must be taken while prescribing Asava-Arishta as they contain self generated alcohol they are supposed to mix with water and then only consume. If not done they can burn the inner lining of mouth or stomach especially Pitta Prakruti person. Milk the power house For small children, aged, weak people milk is best, as it has Jeevaneeya, Balya, Brumhana action. Milk does Dhatu Pushti and also almost everyone likes milk. Does the container matter? It is seen that liquids are stored in any kind of containers or served also. This leads to interaction between the Dravya and the container. To avoid this utmost care to be taken especially while boiling water, milk or storing curd etc. sour Dravya. This is especially when people are prone to use lot of plastic one needs to be careful. People have so many constricts when they come to an Ayurvedic physician with respect to form of medicine, time, Anupana, side effects and so on. But if these points are made clear to them they will take medicine more carefully. Though initially they may find it difficult to carry the medicine, Anupana or even prepare it in some instances, they are the one who are going to get benefit. CONCLUSION Knowledge of Anupana indications, contraindications can be utilized in the best way to make people aware of the effects of it. Anupana is just not a liquid vehicle which can be used in each and any condition. After a thought full consideration of various factors like Dosha, Desha, Kala, Vaya, Satmya, type of food / medicine, Prakruti, Bala it is specially advised specifically. Anupana is also a specially designed Dravya, as a medicine is for each individual. Anupana is required to be given an importance again with food as well as medicine. Though so many advantages are there one should not forget the limitations like lack of time to prepare or carry the Anupana; use in hectic life or travelling jobs. If these limitations can be overcome by a patient with the help of Yukti of Vaidya it will be easy to use Anupana effectively.  REFERENCES 1. Vaidya Jadvji Trikamji Acharya, Narayan Ram Acharya(ed). Susruta Samhita of Susruta with Nibandhasangraha commentary of Sri Dalhanacharya. Reprint 2009. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan:p244   2. Kaviraj Shrinarendranath Senagupta, Kaviraj Shribalachandra  Sengupta(ed.) Caraka Samhita of Agnivesha elaborated by Caraka & Drdhabala with  Ayurveda Dipika commentary by Charak Caturanana Cakrapanidatta and Jalpakalpataru commentary by Mahamahopadhyaya Shri Gangadhara Kaviraja; Sutrasthana II khanda. Delhi: Chaukhamba Orientalia.p.1099 3. Monnier -Williams M. A Sanskrit English Dictionary. 1st ed. 16th reprint. New Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas Publishers Private Ltd; 2011: p35  4. Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya (ed). Caraka Samhita of Agnivesa elaborated by Caraka & Drdhabala with the Dr. Kirti Anil Keskar et.al. A Study on the Limitations for Anupana ISSN: 2456-3110                                                       REVIEW ARTICLE Sep-Oct 2018  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Sep - Oct  2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 5 97  Ayurveda Dipika commentary by Sri Cakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakashana; 2014:p171-2 5. Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya (ed). Caraka Samhita of Agnivesa elaborated by Caraka & Drdhabala with the Ayurveda Dipika commentary by Sri Cakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakashana; 2014:p172  6. Vaidya Jadvji Trikamji Acharya, Narayan Ram Acharya(ed). Susruta Samhita of Susruta with Nibandha Sangraha commentary of Sri Dalhanacharya. Reprint 2009. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan:p246  7. Dr. Shivprasad Sharma(ed.). Astanga Samgraha of Vahata or Vrddha Vagbhata with the Sasilekha Sanskrit Commentary bu Indu.3rd ed. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office;2012:p106   8. Pt. Bhisagacharya Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya(ed). Astanga Hrdayam of Vagbhata composed by Vagbhata, with the commentaries Sarvanga Sundara of Arunadatta and Ayurveda Rasayana of Hemadri. New Delhi: Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan:p159   9. Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya (ed). Caraka Samhita of Agnivesa elaborated by Caraka & Drdhabala with the Ayurveda Dipika commentary by Sri Cakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakashana; 2014:p205 10. Pt. Bhisagacharya Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya(ed). Astanga Hrdayam of Vagbhata composed by Vagbhata, with the commentaries Sarvanga Sundara of Arunadatta and Ayurveda Rasayana of Hemadri. New Delhi: Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan:p159 -60 11. Dr. Shivprasad Sharma(ed.). Astanga Samgraha of Vahata or Vrddha Vagbhata with the Sasilekha Sanskrit Commentary by Indu. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office;2012:p105 12. Pt. Bhisagacharya Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya(ed). Astanga Hrdayam of Vagbhata composed by Vagbhata, with the commentaries Sarvanga Sundara of Arunadatta and Ayurveda Rasayana of Hemadri. New Delhi: Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan:p159  13. Pt. Bhisagacharya Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya(ed). Astanga Hrdayam of Vagbhata composed by Vagbhata, with the commentaries Sarvanga Sundara of Arunadatta and Ayurveda Rasayana of Hemadri. New Delhi: Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan:p158-9 14. Pandit. Vishwanath Dwivedi Vaidya. Rasendra Sambhava. Varanasi:Choukhamba Krishnadas Academy;1997.p415       ******************************* How to cite this article: Dr. Kirti Anil Keskar, Dr. Sri Nagesh KA. A Study on the Limitations for Anupana. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2018;5:93-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.v3i5.13824  Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. 

A Study on the Limitations for Anupana

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A Study on the Limitations for Anupana

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