ABSTRACT - Five of the 70 Anisopteran species listed in this study represent new Minnesota recordings. Habitat zones are described and distribution of species within these zones are recorded by county of occurrence

Anderson, Myron A.

Boole, Marilee

Hamrum, Charles L.

English

University of Minnesota, Morris (UMM): Digital Well

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science Volume 37 Number 2 Number 2/3 Article 9 1971 Distribution and Habitat Preference of Minnesota Dragonfly Species (Odonata, Anisoptera) ll. Charles L. Hamrum Myron A. Anderson Marilee Boole Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/jmas  Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Hamrum, C. L., Anderson, M. A., & Boole, M. (1971). Distribution and Habitat Preference of Minnesota Dragonfly Species (Odonata, Anisoptera) ll.. Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science, Vol. 37 No.2, 93-96. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/jmas/vol37/iss2/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science by an authorized editor of University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. For more information, please contact skulann@morris.umn.edu. Distribution and habitat preference of Minnesota dragonfly species (Odonata, Anisoptera) II. CHARLES L. HAMRUM,* MYRON A. ANDERSON,** AND MARILEE BOOLE*** ABSTRACT - Five of the 70 Anisopteran species listed in this study represent new Minnesota recordings. Habitat zones are described and distribution of species within these zones are recorded by county of occurrence. In an earlier study (Carlson et al., 1967) the authors presented a list of Anisopteran species resident in Minne-sota as well as a summary of the geographic and seasonal distribution of these species. Subsequent collections have effected changes in the species list and distribution pat-terns, and have shown extended flying periods for several species. These additional records are pooled with the data presented in Carlson et al. (1967). In this study our aims are: ( 1) to update the list of Anisopteran species known to occur in Minnesota; (2) to present the distribution of these species by listing the Minnesota counties in which each species has been collected; and (3) to demonstrate habitat preferences of these species within Minnesota. In all areas of the state the aquatic situations that serve Odonata are many and varied, so that resident Anisop-teran species are not uniformly distributed throughout · Minnesota. It has been quite a problem to describe this distribution of dragonflies in terms of familiar ecological categories, (i.e., oligotrophic fauna, prairie species, etc.) A particular species may be found in several habitats, but only within a portion of the state. Such localized occur-rence may occasionally be explained if habitat selection and species dispersal is an adult function, in which case migration may account for the presence of a particular species in a portion of the state. Corbet (1962) suggests that habitats which become abruptly unsuitable after a generation are probably colonized annually by migrants. Kormondy ( 19 5 8) described the distribution of Michi-gan odonate species as upper peninsula, in one or both lower peninsula zones, or statewide. He also divided the Michigan odonates into three general North American regional groups; namely, eastern, transcontinental, and northwestern species groups. In 1967 we adopted the position that the distribution of Minnesota Anisoptera is largely influenced by the nature of the aquatic environ-ments open to the immatures of the species. A map show-ing general vegetation zones was used to indicate gross habitat preference for Minnesota species. These zones did correlate with the chemical analysis of Minnesota waters by Moyle (1956) in which he found a general pattern of increasing concentration of chemicals from the soft water lakes of northeastern Minnesota towards the west and * B.A. Gustavus Adolphus College;· M.S. Pennsylvania State University; Ph.D. Iowa State University in entomology. Currently Professor of Biology. ** B.S. Gustavus Adolphus College;,M.S. and Ph.D. Iowa State University; in entomology. Currently Professor of Biology. *** B.A. Gustavus Adolphus College, 1971. Journal of, Volume Thirty-seven, Nos. 2 and 3, 1971 south. Nevertheless, we have abandoned the vegetation zones for the precipitation less evaporation zones of Meyer ( 1942), fully recognizing that any single parame-ter for zoning the state in accordance with its Anisopteran species distribution is inadequate. In Minnesota, rainfall varies from 20 inches in the northwest to about 32 inches in the southeast. The evap~ oration rate has an important effect in concentrating salts in the water. Lakes in the northeast receive about 10 inches of rainfall in excess of moisture lost through sur-face evaporation. Runoff waters also are more abundant in the easterly portions of the state, supplying lakes with adequate waters to maintain active outlets. The waters therefore are constantly diluted. In southwestern lakes, evaporation from open surfaces exceeds precipitation by approximately 10 inches annually, resulting in generally intermittent outlets or landlocked conditions. The precipi-tation less evaporation zones are shown in Figure 1. These zones provide a more accurate estimate of the aquatic habitats of these regions. In zone I softwater lakes predominate, hardwater to alkaline lakes are the rule in zone II, and alkaline waters are expected in zone III. The habitat zones and flying season will follow the county records in the species list. For listing purposes, whole counties have been assigned to the zone which covers the bulk of the county. All distribution data has been ob-tained from adult specimens. SPECIES LIST Cordulegasteridae Cordulegaster maculatus Selys. Lake, St. Louis, Zone I. June-July. Gomphidae Dromogomphus spinosus Selys. New State Record. Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Zone I. July-August. Gomphus brevis Hagen. Cook, Lake, Zone I. June-July. Gomphus cornutus Tough. Lake, Itasca, Zone I. Bel-trami, Clearwater, Otter Tail, Winona, Sibley, Nicollet, Zone II. June-July. Gomphus exilis Selys. Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Zone I. Stearns, Zone II. June-August. Gomphus externus Hagen. Otter Tail, Winona, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Blue Earth, Martin, Zone II. June-July. Gomphus fraternus (Say). Pine, Koochiching, Zone I. Winona, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Martin, Zone II. June-July. Gomphus graslinellus Walsh. Cook, Koochiching, Zone I. Otter Tail, Zone II. June-July. Gomphus lividus Selys. Lake, St. Louis, Pine, Zone I. June-July. 93 Gomphus quadricolor Walsh. New State Record. Lake, Zone I. One specimen collected June 30. Gomphus spicatus Hagen. Cook, St. Louis, Pine, Koo-chiching, Itasca, Aitkin, Zone I. Beltrami, Clearwater, Otter Tail, Douglas, Stearns, Zone II. May-July. Gomphus vastus Walsh. Koochiching, Zone I. Winona, Nicollet, Zone II. June-August. Gomphus ventricosus Walsh. New State Record. Winona, Zone II. One specimen collected June 5. Hagenius brevistylus Selys. Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Koo-chiching, Zone I. Cass, Zone II. June-August. Ophigomphus carolus Needham. Cook, Lake, Zone I. June-July. Ophiogomphus colubrinus Selys. Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Zone I. June-August. Ophigomphus rupinsulensis (Wash). Lake, St. Louis, Pine, Zone I. Pennington, Zone II. June-July. Aeshnidae Aeshna canadensis Walker. Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Pine, Koochiching, Itasca, Aitkin, Zone I. Roseau, Beltrami, Cass, Crow Wing, Clearwater, Hubbard, Mahnomen, Hennepin, Kandiyohi, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Zone II. Redwood, Zone III. Statewide, June-October. Aeshna constricta Say. Pine, Lake of the Woods, Itasca, Zone I. Roseau, Cass, Crow Wing, Marshall, Polk, Clearwater, Todd, Washington, Mahnomen, Clay, Becker, Stearns, Hennepin, Pope, Kandiyohi, McLeod, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Blue Earth, Waseca, Faribault, Freeborn, Watonwan, Zone II. Redwood, Zone III. Statewide, July-September. Aeshna eremita Scudder. Cook, Lake, Zone I. Polk, Clearwater, Zone II. June-September. Aeshna interrupta Walker. Cook, Lake, Pine, Lake of the Woods, Koochiching, Itasca, Zone I. Roseau, Crow Wing, Kittson, Red Lake, Polk, Clearwater, Anoka, Clay, Pope, McLeod, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Faribault, Watonwan, Zone II. Grant, Redwood, Zone III. State-wide, June-September. Aeshna tuberculifera Walker. Pine, Itasca, Zone I. Bel-trami, Crow Wing, Clearwater, Zone II. July-August. Aeshna Umbrosa Walker. Cook, Lake, Pine, Itasca, Zone I. Roseau, Beltrami, Crow Wing, Clearwater, Hubbard, Todd, Norman, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Watonwan, Zone II. Grant, Zone III. Statewide, July-November. Aeshna verticalis Hagen. Itasca, Zone I. One specimen, presently missing. Anax junius (Drury). Pine, Lake of the Woods, Zone I. Beltrami, Crow Wing, Marshall, Polk, Clearwater, Benton, Ramsey, Washington, Clay, Douglas, Stearns, Hennepin, Winona, Houston, Pope, Kandiyohi, Fill-more, Renville, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Faribault, Waton-wan, Martin, Zone II. Grant, Redwood, Cottonwood, Big Stone, Zone III. Statewide, April-October. Basiaeshna janata (Say). Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Pine, Zone I. Otter Tail, Zone II. June-July. Boyeria grafiana Williamson. New State Record. Cook, Lake, Zone I. July-August. Boyeria vinosa (Say). St. Louis, Zone I. August. Libelludidae, Macrominae Didymops transversa (Say). Cook, Lake, Pine, Zone I. Crow Wing, Ramsey, Zone II. June-July. Macromia illinoiensis Walsh. Lake, St. Louis, Pine, Itas-ca, Zone I. June-July. 94 Cordulinae Cordulia shurtleffi Scudder. Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Zone 1. June-July. D01:ocordulia Libera (Selys). Cook, Lake, Aitkin, Zone I. Crow Wing, Clearwater, Zone II. June-July. Epitheca (Epicordulia) princeps (Hagen). :Pine, Zone I. Beltrami, Clearwater, Otter Tail, Hennepin, Houston, Zone II. June-August. Epitheca (Tetragoneuria) canis MacLachlan. Lake, St. Louis, Koochiching, Itasca, Zone I. June. Epitheca (Tetragoneuria) cynosura (Say). Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Pine, Itasca, Zone I. Beltrami, Cass, Crow Wing, Clearwater, Ramsey, Otter Tail, Wright, Hen-nepin, Winona, Le Sueur, Zone II. June-July. Epitheca (Tetragoneuria) spinigera Selys. Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Pine, Itasca, Aitkin, Zone I. Beltrami, Crow Wing, Clearwater, Sherburne, Washington, Otter Tail, Hennepin, Carver, Kandiyohi, Nicollet, Zone II. June-July. Neurocordulia molesta Walsh. New State Record. Wi-nona, Zone II. One specimen, June 23. Somatochlora ensigera Martin. Cook, Lake of the Woods, Zone I. Polk, Zone II. July-August. Somatochlora franklini (Selys). Koochiching, Zone I. June. Somatochlora minor Calvert. Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Zone I. June-July. Somatochlora walshii (Scudder). Itasca, Zone I. July. Somatochlora williamsoni Walker. Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Zone I. Clearwater, Zone II. July-August. Libellulinae Celithemis elisa (Hagen). Pine, Zone I. Crow Wing, Clearwater, Hubbard, Otter Tail, Zone II. June-August. Celithemis eponina (Drury). Pine, Aitkin, Zone I. Crow Wing, Chisago, Clearwater, Hubbard, Otter Tail, Douglas, Stearns, Wright, Hennepin, Goodhue, Wi-nona, Houston, Nicollet, Zone II. Grant, Zone III. Statewide, July-August. Erythemis simplicicollis (Say). Crow Wing, Clearwater, Becker, Otter Tail, Douglas, Wright, Hennepin, Wi-nona, Houston, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Zone II. June-August. Ladona julia (Uhler), Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Pine, Itas-ca, Aitkin, Zone I. Beltrami, Cass, Crow Wing, Clear-water, Becker, Otter Tail, Zone II. June-July. Leucorrhinia frigida (Hagen). Cook, Lake, Itasca, Zone I. Crow Wing, Clearwater, Winona, Zone II. June-August. Leucorrhinia glacialis Hagen. Cook, Lake, Pine, Zone I. Clearwater, Zone II. June-July. Leucorrhinia hudsonica ( Selys) . Cook, Lake of the Woods, Zone I. Clearwater, Zone II. June-July. Leucorrhinia intacta (Hagen). Pine, Itasca, Aitkin, Zone I. Beltrami, Cass, Crow Wing, Pennington, Clearwater, Hubbard, Ramsey, Becker, Otter Tail, Hennepin, Wabasha, Winona, Kandiyohi, Rice, Nicollet, Zone II. May-August. . Leucorrhinia proxima Calvert. Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Pine, Koochiching, Itasca, Zone I. Beltrami, Crow Wing, Clearwater, Hubbard, Zone II. June-August. Libellula luctuosa Burmeister. Otter Tail, Stearns, Wright, Hennepin, Wabasha, Winona, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Zone II. Cottonwood, Zone III. June-August. Libellula pulchella Drury. Pine, Itasca, Zone I. Chisago, Clearwater, Hubbard, Mahnomen, Otter Tail, Stearns, The Minnesota Academy of Science 49 48 47 46 45 -10 ----0 '. \ KITTSON ROSEAU MARSHALL KOOCHICHING RED LAKE POLK ei I-~ °' ITASCA ~ NORMAN ' MAHNOMEN u 1 ---r---L--1 HUBBARD ~-\ ' \ \ CLAY BECKER CASS \_ OTTER TAIL Zone II \ \ \ GRANT DOUGLAS '. WADEN TODD \ CROW WING \ AITKIN \ \ MORRISON \ \ \ ~--~ STEVENS \ POPE STEARNS \ LINCOLN . Zone Ill ST. LOUIS. Zone I CARLTON PINE 0 ,.,.....,.__ ____ ,,,. FIG. PRECIPITATION LESS EVAPORATION FROM +10 / WATER SURFACE IN INCHES. FROM MEYER 119421 44 WATONWAN BLUE EARTH WASECA STEELE ·ooDGE COTTONWOOD \ I ROCK NOBLES JACKSON !MARTIN FARIBAULT -FREEBORN MOWER FILLMORE HOUSTON I I i -10 43- /OSO /0 ZO 30 .. o Wright, Hennepin, Winona, Houston, McLeod, Carver, Renville, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Faribault, Freeborn, Wat-onwan, Zone, II. Wilkin, Grant, Chippewa, Cotton-wood, Traverse, Big Stone, Zone III. Statewide, June-September. Libellula quadrimaculata Linnaeus. Cook, Lake, St. Louis, Pine, Koochiching, Itasca, Zone I. Beltrami, Journal of, Volume Thirty-seven, Nos. 2 and 3, 1971 Cass, Crow Wing, Mille Lacs, Marshall, Clearwater, Washington, Mahnomen, Becker, Otter Tail, Stearns, Winona, Kandiyohi, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Watowan, Zone II. Grant, Zone III. Statewide, May-August. Pachydiplax longipennis (Burmeister). Itasca, Zone I. Cass, Clearwater, Hubbard, Douglas, Hennepin, Kan-diyohi, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Zone II. July-September. .95 Pantala flavescens (Fabricius). Clearwater, Nicollet, Zone II. Traverse, Zone III. July-August. Pantala hymenea (Say). Nicollet, Le Sueur, Zone II. Cot-tonwood, Zone III. June-August. Perithemis tenera (Say). Hubbard, Becker, Otter Tail, Wright, Hennepin, Winona, Houston, Le Sueur, Zone II. Grant, Zone III. July-August. Plathemis lydia (Drury). Pine, Itasca, Zone I. Beltrami, Cass, Hennepin, Winona, Houston, Carver, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Zone II. Grant, Redwood, Cottonwood, Zone III. Statewide, May-August. Sympetrum cost if erum (Hagen). Cook, St. Louis, Pine, Lake of the Woods, Koochiching, Itasca, Zone I. Bel-trami, Crow Wing, Polk, Clearwater, Benton, Anoka, Ramsey, Becker, Otter Tail, Stearns, Wright, Henne-pin, Wabasha, Winona, Kandiyohi, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Zone II. Wilkin, Grant, Redwood, Traverse, Big Stone, Zone III. Statewide, July-October. Sympetrum danae (Sulzer). St. Louis, Koochiching, Zone I. Beltrami, Washington, Otter Tail, Zone II. July-August. Sympetrum internum Montgomery. Lake, Carlton, Pine, Koochiching, Itasca, Aitkin, Zone I. Roseau, Beltrami, Crow Wing, Kittson, Marshall, Red Lake, Polk, Clear-water, Hubbard, Anoka, Ramsey, Mahnomen, Clay, Otter Tail, Stearns, Winona, Kandiyohi, Rice, Ren-ville, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Zone II. Grant, Jackson, Traverse, Lac Qui Parle, Rock, Zone III. Statewide. June-September. Sympetrum obtrusum (Hagen). Lake, Pine, Lake of the Woods, Koochiching, Itasca, Aitkin, Zone I. Beltrami, Cass, Crow Wing, Isanti, Pennington, Clearwater, Washington, Clay, Becker, Otter Tail, Hennepin, Wi-nona, Kandiyohi, Rice, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Freeborn, Zone II. Grant, Lac Qui Parle, Zone III. Statewide, June-October. Sympetrwn occidentale Bartenev. Hennepin, Nicollet, Watonwan, Zone II. Redwood, Traverse, Zone III. July-August. Sympetrum rubicundulum (Say). Carlton, Pine, Zone I. Roseau, Kittson, Pennington, Anoka, Norman, Clay, Becker, Otter Tail, Douglas, Winona, Houston, Pope, Kandiyohi, Rice, Olmsted, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Free-born, Zone II. Grant, Redwood, Zone III. Statewide, June-September. Sympetrum semicinctum (Say). Beltrami, Crow Wing, Kandiyohi, Zone II. July-August. Sympetrum vicinum (Hagen). Cook, Pine, Itasca, Zone I. Beltrami, Isanti, Chisago, Anoka, Ramsey, Wash-ington, Stearns, Wright, Hennepin, Winona, Kandi-yohi, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Zone II. Grant, Stevens, Zone III. Statewide, July-October. Tarnetrum corruptum Hagen. Pine, Itasca, Zone I. Crow Wing, Marshall, Pennington, Clearwater, Otter Tail, Stearns, Hennepin, Winona, McLeod, Renville, Nic-ollet, Le Sueur, Watonwan, Martin, Zone III Cotton-wood, Big Stone, Zone III. Statewide, April-October. Tramea lacerata Hagen. Houston, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Freeborn, Watonwan, Zone II. Redwood, Zone III. June-September. Tramea onusta Hagen. Winona, Nicollet, Le Sueur, Wa-tonwan, Zone II. June-September. Five of the seventy Anisopteran species represent first state records. These species are Dromogomphus spinosus, Gomphus quadricolor, Gomphus ventricosus, Boyeria grafiana, and Neurocordulia molesta. Fifty-eight species 96 are found in Zone I, fifty-five in Zone II, twenty-one in Zone III, and only fifteen are found in all three zones. These records indicate that the collecting in Zone III should be extended. It seems most unlikely that only fif-teen species have a statewide distribution. Several libellu-lid species, e.g., Erythemis simplicicollis, Leucorrhinia intacta et al. must also occur in Zone III. Inasmuch as six out of every seven dragonflies known to Minnesota reside in Zone I, it would appear that this environment is well suited for a wide variety of species. The lakes, bogs, and streams of this region generally have an ample supply of cool, well oxygenated water. All but two of the gomphid and cordulid species have been re-ported from Zone I. Among the Aeshnidae genera, the Boyeria species seem to be restricted to this region. Ad-ditional collections in this zone may yield other unre-ported gomphids and Somatochlora species. Actually, thirteen Minnesota species have been reported from Zone I only. The Libellulidae species Libellula luctuosa, Perithemis tenera, and the Pantala and Tramea species are absent from northern Minnesota. Both Pantala and Tramea are known to have a short developmental period and may migrate into Minnesota from the south and establish themselves for the summer. It is difficult, however, to imagine the diminutive, weak-flying Perithemis tenera as a successful migrant. The migration behavior among Minnesota dragonflies is essentially unmeasured and its effect upon the distribution within the state must be con-sidered speculative. Additional investigations of dragonfly breeding waters are in progress. Important factors such as water tempera-ture and oxygen content will vary considerably within the precipitation less evaporation zones, particularly spacious Zone II. The effects of various pollutants upon immature odonate life is also largely unknown. Additional study will hopefully further enrich our knowledge concerning the evironmental requirements of Minnesota dragonfly species. Acknowledgments This study was supported by undergraduate research participation grants GY-2561, GY-4196 and GY-6017 from the National Science Foundation. RefeR"ences CARLSON, R. E., M.A. ANDERSON, and C. L. HAMRUM. 1967. Distribution and habitat preference of Minne-sota dragonfly species (Odonata, Anisoptera) I. Minn. Acad. Sci. Jour., 33:59-61. CORBET, P. S. 1962. A Biology of Dragonflies. London, Witherby Ltd. KoRMONDY, E. J. 1958. Catalogue of the Odonata of Michigan. Misc. Pub. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, No. 104. MEYER, A. F. 1942. Evaporation from lakes and reser-voirs. Minn. Resources Comm., 111 pp. plus fig. MOYLE, J. B. 1956. Relationships between the chemistry of Minnesota surface waters and wildlife management. Jour. Wildlife Management 20:303-320. The Minnesota Academy of Science 

Distribution and Habitat Preference of Minnesota Dragonfly Species (Odonata, Anisoptera) ll.

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Distribution and Habitat Preference of Minnesota Dragonfly Species (Odonata, Anisoptera) ll.

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