A field survey was undertaken during 2006-2008. Entomological fauna was collected in four forest stations from national forest of Tafat (North-east of Algeria) using a quantitative sampling method. 152 species were found during the current field survey divided into 57 Coleoptera, 35 Hymenoptera, 29 Hemiptera, 18 Diptera and 13 Lepidoptera. Majority of the species collected are polyphagous. The results of the survey of insectes show that the risk on Quercus ilex from Tafat forest. To characterize the structure, diversity and dynamic of insect populations were discussed

BENIA, Farida

BOUNECHADA, Mustapha

English

Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)

 42  Bulletin UASVM Agriculture, 68(1)/2011 Print ISSN 1843-5246; Electronic ISSN 1843-5386  Data Concerning the Entomological Fauna  in Tafat National Forest (North-East of Algeria)   Farida BENIA F.1) and Mustapha BOUNECHADA 2)  1)  University of Setif, Faculty SNV, Department of Agronomy, El Bez, Setif, Algeria 2) University of  Setif, Faculty SNV, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology,   El Bez, Setif, Algeria, Bounechadam@yahoo.fr  Abstract- A field survey was undertaken during 2006-2008. Entomological fauna was collected in four forest stations from national forest of Tafat (North-east of Algeria) using a quantitative sampling method. 152 species were found during the current field survey divided into 57 Coleoptera, 35 Hymenoptera, 29 Hemiptera, 18 Diptera and 13 Lepidoptera. Majority of the species collected are polyphagous. The results of the survey of insectes show that the risk on Quercus ilex from Tafat forest. To characterize the structure, diversity and dynamic of insect populations were discussed.  Keywords:  Quercus ilex, survey insects, structure, dynamic, forest, Setif.  INTRODUCTION  The entomolgical fauna of Tafat is unknown. So in first time our objective consist to survey the insects and in second time to try to highlight the role of these insects on the dominate tree Quercus ilex. Quercus lex has a remarkable vitality, and an area of distribution is extended throughout the Mediterranean basin, particularly in North of Africa.  There is a few research about the insects associated with this tree, Chacali et al   (2001), Sayah (2003) and Benia et al., (2004).   During the years 2002-2004, the Tafat forest began to show signs of damage mainly on Q .ilex because this tree represents 80% of plant population, then we were interested to study the insect fauna of this tree. In this area; to date no studies have been conducted on the vertebrate and invertebrate populations. The present study brings contribution to knowledge of the important insects (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera) of this researched area.  MATERIAL AND METHODS  The Tafat national forest is located in the Djebel Tafat situated in the department of Bougaa (North West of the of Setif town). The geographic coordinates of the Tafat forest is 36°16’N and 5 ° 06’E. Forest Tafat presents a North exposition and covers an area of 1950 ha. The landscape is varied, characteristic to calcareous mountains. The minimum altitude is of 600 meters and the maximum one is of 1450 meters. Tafat forest is situated in climatic sub humid. Temperatures and rainfall varied among the years. (Tab1, Fig.1) Insects were collected in four stations (Tab. 2). The dominant trees species are Quercus ilex (80 %) accompanied by Juniperus oxycedrus. The insects were collected monthly from April to July during 2006-2008 as this is the period with the highest prevalence of insects in several trees in the region. We are using a various invertebrate capture techniques: sweep and aerial netting, beating trays, pitfall  43  trapping, flight intercept traps, light trapping malaise trap, interception net trapping, Winkler extraction nets (Southwood, 1978; Leather,  2005; McGavin 2007) The collected entomological fauna was determined up to the species or genus level using identification keys (Manuals entomologia ,curso practico de  Entomologia by Pujellard et al.,  (2004),   the Immature insects by Chu (1946-1947), Fauna of French vol. IV and VIII by Perrier, (1971), and by the specialists: Coleoptera, Lepidoptera: Pr. Doumandji  (Dpt of zoology, ENSA Algiers), for Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Pr. Pujade-Villar (Entomological laboratory, University of Barcelona), for Coleoptera, Dr. Amador Vmolas (Museum of life Sciences of Barcelona), Hemiptera, Dr. Eduardo Mateos (University of Bacelona), Heteroptera: Dr  Martha Goula (University of Bacelona),  Homoptera: Dr. Nicolas Perez (University of Bacelona).   For each station we have calculated the relative abundance, the frequency in order to establish the species numerical and the structure of constancy classes. The diversity of the insects was evaluated using Shannon-Weaver and the index of diversity (Daget, 1976; Southwood, 1978). The degree of similarity between the four stations was estimated using index of Jaccard.    Tab.1.  Temperatures during our study during 2006-2008     Fig.1. Variation of rainfall from 1997 to 2008    44  Tab. 2   Characteristic of the stations regularly surveyed in the study    Station A Station B Station C Station D Altitude (m)  1267 1050 900 700  Density of Trees Very dense, 6 trees of Q.ilex for 2  trees of  J. oxycedrus  Trees are of Q. ilex for  J. oxycedrus fairly spacedand 1 tree Trees are spaced, trees of J. oxycedrus are rarely   Trees are rarely Grazing  Absent Absent Absent Intense Litter  Very thick Enough thick    Thick  Absent   RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS  LIST OF THE PREDOMINANT SPECIES OF INSECTS CAPTURED  During the study, the list of insects belonging to the orders of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera captured in Tafat forest represent 9832 individuals belonging to 152 species and 30 genera (Tab.3) NUMERICAL ABUNDANCE, RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND THE INSECT’S SPECIES FREQUENCY. The best order is Hymenoptera with 4629 individuals, followed by Diptera, 1668 and that of Hemiptera is 1416. Although, the number of beetles species so high, the individuals is low 613 and the last order is Lepidoptera with 533 individuals. The number of insects captured in each station is showed in figures 2 and 3. The Station C presented the best number of species than the other stations because this station presented the dense trees and situated at an altitude of 900 meters. However, we noted that the stations B and D presented the trees are spaced wealth have the less number of species. However we noted that the station B            (67 species) is richer than the station D (29 species), because it has a completely naked through the woods, grazing is intense. The station C is the best with 92 species and 3216 individuals while the stat ion A presented 80 species and 2802 individuals. Both the stations are similar, contra irately to the stations B and D, but the station B presented a double number of species than the station D, although both stations have the not high density of trees. We noted that the station D it is subject to many factors of degradation.  Tab. 3  List of predominate insects captured from Taffat forest during 2006-2008  Coleoptera F : Tenebrionidae Acusta sp  F : Melolonthidae Pimelia interstialis   Zygota sp  Rhizotrogus sp   Synergus   crassicornis     Plagiolepis sp Rhizotrogus carduorum   F : Coccinellidae F :Eupelmidae Rhizotrogus eleagnus  Coccinella.quatuordecimpustula   Eupelmus seculatus   F : Curcullionidae F : Bostrichidae F :Braconidae Otiorrhynchus  sp Xylopertha sp   Apanteles sp Sitona  sp F: Buprestidae Microgaster sp Balaninus sp    Anthaxia sp    Taphaeus sp Phyllobius oblongus      Anth.(cratomeris)hungarica    Bracon sp Attelabus nitens    Agrilus viridis    F :Diapriidae Orthotomicus sp   F : Merycidae Pantoclis sp Xyleborus sp  Ebaeus sp F :Platygastridae  45   Xyleborus monographus   F : Dermestidae Synopeas sp F : Melyridae Attagenus bifasciatus    F :Eumenidae Colotes(Homoeodipris) javeti    Dermestes undulates    Eumenes sp Dasytes  sp F : Histeridae F :Ichneumonidae Aplocnemus  sp  Hister sp Phygadeuon sp Psilotrix sp F : Carabidae F :Scellonidae F : Anobiidae Calosoma inquisitor   Telenomus sp Ptinus obesus    Metabletus fuscomaculatus    F :Torymidae Ptinus sp    Bembidium  sp Monodontomerus sp F: Phalacridae F : Cetoniidae F : Megachilidae Olibrus sp    Aethiessa floralis    Osmia sp Phalacrus sp   F: Cantharidae F :Bethylidae F: Staphyllinidae Malthinus sp   Bethylus sp Staphylinus sp   Malthinus striatulus  F :Pompilidae Staphylinus olens    F : Cryptophagidae Priocnemus sp  Ocypus   sp  Cryptophagus sp    F :Ceraphronidae Omalium  sp F : Cerambycidae Aphanogmus sp     Megarthrus sp   Cerambyx cerdo    F :Orussidae F : Chrysomelidae F : Latridiidae Orussus taorminensis   Longitarsus  sp Corticaria sp F :Cynipidae Altica  sp F :Latridiidae Plagiotrochus ament i   Clytra novempunctata    Corticaria sp Plagiotrochu coriaceus Clytra sp.    Hymenoptera Plagiotrochus quercusilicis Lachnea vicina   F :Eurytomidae Plagiotrochus yeusei Psylliodes sp  Sycophila  binotata Plagiotrochus gibbosus Chaetocnema sp F :Pteromalidae Plagiotrochus vilageliui F : Leiodidae Mesopolobus lichtensteini   Plagiotrochus razeti   Catops coracinus   F :Eulophidae Synergus clandestinus Catops erro Necremnus sp  Synergus crassicornis F : Scarabaeidae Crysocharis sp  Saphonicrus lusatinicus Scarabeus cicatricosus    F :Formicidae Lepidoptera Cetonia funeraria    Crematogaster scutellaris    F :Lymantriidae Geotrupes leavigatus   Camponotus sp  Lymantria   dispar F :Tortricidae F :  Dolichopodidae F :Diaspidiidae Tortrix   viridana Sciapus sp Lipidosaphes ulmi F :Pieridae F :Sarcophagidae Chionaspis salicis Pieris   brassicae Sarcophaga sp1  Pieris  rapae Sarcophaga sp2  Gonepteryx   cleopatra Hemiptera (Heteroptera)  Collias   croceus F :Anthocoridae  F :Nympha idae Anthocoris  nemorum  Vanessa   cardui F :Lygaeidae  Vanessa  polychloros Spilostethus   pandurus  F :Lycaenidae Spilostethus   militaris  Plebejus   argus Lygaeus   saxatilis  F :Geometridae Lygaeus   equestris  Carcina  quercana F :Stenocephalidae  Scopula  sp Dicranocephalus   agilis  F :Lychocolletidae F :Coreidae  Phyllonorycter pseudojoviella Coreomeris   denticulatus  F :Papillionidae Syromastus   rhombeus  Iphiclides podalirius F :Nabiidae  Diptera Himacerus (Aptus) mirmicoides   46                Fig.2. Number of species of insects captured in the stations study during 2006-2008    Fig. 3. Number of individual of insects captured in the stations study during 2006-2008  F :Hybotidae F :Microphysidae  Platypalpus  sp Loricula (Loricula)  freyi  F :Tipulidae F :Berytidae  Tipula sp Berytinus   nortiragus  F :Heleomyzidae Hemiptera (Homoptera)  Suillia  variegata F :Aphididae  Suillia  sp Lachnus  roboris  F :Empididae Cinara  sp  Rhamphomyia  sp Pterochloroides   persicae  Empis  sp Hyperomyzus   lactucae  F :Drosophylidae Diuraphis   noxia  Cantarinia   ilicis Rhopalosiphum   padi  F :Cecidomyidae Wahlgreniella  nervata  Dryomyia  lichtensteini Paracletus sp   F :Muscidae Thelaxes   sp  Musca  sp1 F :Cicadellidae  Musca  sp2 Eupteryx sp  F :Calliphoridae Cicadella  viridis  Calliphora  sp Epiptera   europea  F :Sciomycidae   F :Issidae  Salticella sp Issus  coleoptratus  F : Bibionidae F :Kermesidae  Dilophus sp Kermococcus   roboris  Bibio hortulanus Pseudococcus  sp  F :Syrphidae F :Aleyrodidae  Eupeodes corollae Aleurodes   sp   47    STRUCTURE OF ENTOMOLOGICAL FAUNA FROM TAFAT FOREST  Analysing the structure of the insects from Tafat forest, it was noticed that four species were dominant and the most species were sporadic (Benia et al, 2010). Constant species classes are not present from the stations B and D because both stations are clearings and the wind has the negative role on insects. At the station A we noted four constantly species: Plagiolepis sp, Lachnus roboris, Pterochloroides persicae and Kermococcus roboris, so the station C presented only one constantly species: Xylopertha sp. The fundamental species class Mesopolobus lichtensteini (Hymenoptera) and Dryomyia lichtensteini (Diptera) are found in stations A, B, C (Tab.4). These two species characterized the damage on the tree Q. ilex L. with wrong leaf format (galling) due to the action of these two species (Benia et al, 2010).  Tab.4  The structure of the species classes of the dominant insects from Tafat forest      THE SIMILARITY OF THE STUDIED INSECTS FROM TAFAT FOREST According to the index of Jaccard, we noted that the highest rate is observed between station A and B (0.528). We can distinguish two groups of species (Fig.4). One group is belonging to the stations A, B and C (0.456) and the second group belonging to the station D (0.227). The lower similarity between the stations are due to multiple reason, the stations A, B and C presented the same microclimatic, fauna and floristic and these stations are situated at different altitude. These reasons can affected the similarity of the insects populations from the studied stations (Mouna, 1982)    48      Fig. 4. Dendrogramm of similary by Jaccard index   THE SPECIES RICHNESS  The Shannon-Weaver index of diversity has high values in all stations study (Tab.5). The maximum theoretical values of the Shannon-Weaver index Shannon-Weaver index of diversity is noted for the insects from station C (4.51) witch the most numerical species and individuals are captured. Tab.5 Composition and structure of insects in the stations study   DYNAMICS OF ECOLOGICAL INDEX DURING 2006-2008 Analyzing the variation of the numerical abundance of the insects, we have noticed that the largest number of individuals from bee was captured during May-June period. The  low  values  of  the  numerical  abundance  during  summer,  could be explained  by  the interaction species phenology  and  the  limiting microclimatic factors (temperature,  humidity)  on  the insects species. The climate factors exert a direct influence on insects’ development, and an indirect one, on their food resources.  The index of diversity varied from one collecting period to another, for each station study. We  have  noticed  a  decrease  of  diversity determined  by  the  decreasing  species  and their numerical  number  abundances (Tab.6).      49  Tab. 6   Dynamics of ecological index during 2006-2008 in the station study from Tafat forest     Continued  50       CONCLUSION  The analysis of results allows us to suggest that the richness specific are closely related with the diversity of vegetation and environmental conditions in stations study. The dynamics of the specific richness and numeral of individuals during 2006-2008 shows that the most number of species and individuals is noted at the end of the spring and early of the summer. Many devastating phyllophagous species are captured case of Tortrix viridana of Attelabus nitens of Clytra novempunctata and all beetles. Indeed the majority of species are galled. The gall caused the big damage on the tree Q. ilex case Plagiotrochus ameniti. We noted that is the firstly time the gall species Plagiotrochus gibbosus, Plagiotrochus razeti, Plagiotrochus vilageliui are mentioned in the continent of Africa. This study is contributed to known the first list of insects from Tafat forest, still virgin environment, and showed the relationship between the different species and the host plant. We noted that the Tafat forest is also subjected to action of anthropogenic which can disrupt flora and fauna in the time.    Acknowledgement.We are very grateful to Pr. uli Pujade i Villar (Laboratory of Animal Biology of Barcelona, Pr. Khelil M.A (Dpt. of Biology, Uuniversity of  Tlemcen,), Dr. Adjabi S. (University of Bejaia) and Pr. Doumandji S.E. (National Institut of Agronomy, Algiers)  of  useful advice and discussions.        51  REFERENCES  1. Benia, F., M. Bounechada and M.A. Khelil (2004). Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) and its pests in the region of Setif (Eastern of Algeria). Integrated Protect ion in Oak Forests.  IOBC.Bull. 28 (8):111-112.  [e.g. "(in French)"] 2. Benia, F., M.A. Khelil and J. Pujade-Villar (2010). Species of Plagiotrochus Mayr , 1881, collected from Algeria   (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) . Nouv. Rev. Ent . (N.S). (In press). [e.g. "(in French)"] 3. Chacali, G., F. Benmati and K. Derbal  (2001). Pests of Holm oak frm Algeria. Technic days of Phytosanitari. National Institut of Plant Protection, Algiers, 344-354. [e.g. "(in French)"] 4. Chu, H.F. (1946-1947).  The immature Insects.   Ed.  WM.  C. Brown Company Publisher    5. Leather, S. (2005). Insect Sampling in Forest Ecosystems: Methods in Ecology. Imperial College, London. 6. Daget, P. (1976). Mathematical and ecological models. Ed. Masson .Paris. 478 p.  [e.g. "(in French)"] 7. Mc Gavin, G.C. (2007). Expedition field techniques: Insects and other terrestrial arthropods. Royal Geographical Society London, 96 p. 8. Mouna, M. (1982). 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Data Concerning the Entomological Fauna  in Tafat National Forest (North-East of Algeria)

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Data Concerning the Entomological Fauna in Tafat National Forest (North-East of Algeria)

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