Graves, Harry

Schultz, J. H.

English

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Circular A-214 Jun~, 19 5 ' FRUIT VARIETIES for North Dak ta EITBNSION SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND U. S. DE PARTHENT OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATING E.J. Haslerud, Director, Fargo, Ni' ota L r The growth of woody plants in North Dakota is strongly in­fl uenced by soil conditions. available moisture. and both winter and summer temperatures. Under natural conditions. soil and mo isture seem to influence the growth of woody pI an ts more th an the temperature differences within the limits of the state. _ The map (page 1) is based largely upon observed growth response of woody plan t s . Zone A is considered as the most favorable and Zone C the least favorable. Many variations occur within each zone and a poor site in Zone A. for example. may be l ess favor­abl e for a given tree than a good site in Zone C. The zones should be consi dered as general . not as hard and fast guides. 1. 	 Variet ies - Varieties first of all must be hardy or r eason­ably so. Th i s is especially important in new fruit pl an t ­ings. After gai ning some exper ience. you m~ branch out and try some semi-hardy t hi ngs . Beginners should start wi th a few trees that are not only -hardy but practical. The Dol go cr abapple. Haral son apple and Qpata sandcherry are examp l es. 2. 	 Rootstocks - A fruit tree is no hardier than its roo t stock. For apples. only Siberian crabapple and related roo t stocks are hardy in North Dakota. Hardy plums and cherry-plums are usual ly on the hardy native wild pl~ rootstocks. No satis­factory hardy rootstock is available for the sour cherries. I 3. 	 Site - (a) Soil: Well-drained soil suitable for gardening should be satisfactory. The proposed plant in g should have been in garden. row crop. or fallowed the season previous to pl an ting. (b) Location: Northeast slope desirable. otherwise planting should have windbreak protection from north. west and south 4. 	 Spacing - Growers tend to crowd all fruit plants. A good single spacing for all trees frui ts is 20 by 20 feet. The following spacing is recoDDDended. APPLES AND CRABAPPLES: 16 by 20. feet. minimum. 20 by 20 feet better. 24 by 24 feet not too great for large apples. PLUMS AND SANDCHERRY HYBRIDS: 10 by 20 feet: Sandche by 20 feet. (The 20- foot space between rows is to easy cultivation with field equipment.) RASPBERRIEl:>: Rows 8 to 10 feet apart. Plants in rows apart. (Raspberries usually grown i n hedge rows rather than hill or tepee system in North Dakota. ) GOOSEBERRIES: 8 t o 10 feet bet ween rows . 6 to 8 feet in row. would be better because of interferen~ e from tho rn s and spreading hahi t of bush. CURRANTS: 8 to 10 feet between rows. 6 to 8 feet in rows . GRAPES: ROws 8 to 10 feet apart. Plants set 8 feet apart in row. STRAWBERRIES: Ro wB 4 fee t apart at pl anting time - plant s 18 inches apart in row. 5. 	 Size of Trees to Buy - Young fruit trees have a much better chance to survive. They are much ch eaper for the nurseryman to produce and are sold at lower retail pr ices th an trees several years old. Many growers prefer one-year whips. Two­year trees are also Quite sati stactory. When these young trees a re pl anted. cut them back to 18 to 20 inches. This will r esul t in a low headed uSh- type tree. Bush-type trees bear younger . resist sunscald better and are generally hard i er. 6. 	 Rodent Control - Two of the wo rst enemies of fruit plants are rabbits and mice. Mi ce are especially bad in years when snow l ies deep in the orchar d. Repellents. 1/2 x 1/2 inch mesh hardware cloth about the i ndividual trees, or wrapping the trunks and lower branches with aluminum foil are some 0 f the control recommendations. Yeager's Sweet .•• (2 trt..:s) A pleasant, mild, early August apple. Short season, still green when ripe. 2. 	 Red Duchess. . • (2 trees) Similar to common Duchess but has red f ruit, Season late August and September. Medium sized frui t. Fair Quality out of hand. Good cooking apple. 3. 	 Haralson .•• (2 trees) The best winter apple for the North­e rn Great Plains. Keeps until March in good storage. Out­standing for sauce and pie. Fairly hardy. RABAPPLES 1. 	 Florence. . . (2 trees) A good general purpose crab. Yields an amber colored j el~y, good for sauce and pickles. Hardy. 2. 	 Dolgo . . . ( 2 trees) The best red j elly crabapple. Very hardy, re istant to f i rebl1 ght. ornamental. 3. 	 Red River. • • (2 trees) A large dark red crab. Came f rom a cross of Dolgo x Delicious. Good keeper. excellent out of h&nd after one mont h storage. resistant to fireblight. Good for sauce and general purpose use . • 	 PLUMS 1. 	 Tecumseh (2 t rees) One of the earliest plum varieties. Does very well at the Mandan Station. 2. 	 Underwood . . . (2 trees) an introduction from the Minnesota Fruit Breeding Farm. Generally hardy on the Northern Great Plains. 3. 	 South Dakota . . . (2 trees) Fonnerly known as SOuth Dakota No. 27. Very valuabl e as a pollenizer for other plum , varietie& In addi tion. it is a worthwhil e plum variety in its own right. 4. 	 Waneta .•• (2 trees) One of Dr• • Hansen's hardy, large-fruit-· ed plums. Stands drouth well, good out-of hand. Fair for cooking. Very good yielder. Early September• • 	 CHERRY-PLUMS 1. 	 Opata. . • (2 trees) Perhaps the best of the cherry-p lums when you conslder both hardi ness. dependability and Quality ,of fruit. Green fle shed. purplish skinned fruit is t asty out ~ hand, preserves well. 2. 	 Dura • • • (4 bushes) Bush I aN and spreading. Hardy, p rod­uctive. Flesh red, juicy. sweet, Quality good. Frui t hangs on tree in good condition for over a month. 3. 	 Compass .•. (2 trees) Very hardy, fruit has merit for sauce. One of the oldest cherry-plum hybrids. Desirable to have in the planting because of its abundance of good pollen. • 	 RASPBERRIES 1. 	~. • • (50 plants) A product of the NDAC Department of ·Horticulture. Fruits purplish-red in color. sauce tangy. Hardy, slightly I ater than ehief. 2. 	 Chief. • . (50 plants) Hardiest at the Minnesota introductions. Fruit red. very good Quality, season early. Chief is widely planted on the Nor thern Great P lain s. See Ci rcular A-3S Raspberries . • 	 STRAWBERR IES 1. 	~ • • • (100 plan t s) Most popul ar everbearing variety fo r the Upper Midwest. Fl avor considered a bi t sh8ll> by some for fresh use; but dependable yi el der. 2. 	 Senat or Dunl ap .. . (100 pl ants) Hardy June bearing variety. General ly recognized as t he best J une bearer for northern gardens. Lar ge . good quality fruit in late June and early July. See Circular A-16. Strawberries• • GOOSEBERRI ES 1. 	 Pixwell • . • (3 plants) High Quali ty fruit borne on long stems. Quite free from thorns. Additional plants can be layered from the original bUshes in a few years. An abundant yielder• • CURRANTS 1. 	 Red Lake . . • (6 plants) Most desirable currant for North Dakota gardens. High yields of good quality red fru1 ts are the rule. CUrrants can also be propagated quite easily by mounding or layering. See Circular A-7S. Currants and Gooseberries. R ­ ReCOl1llleDded T - Recomnended tor general pla.nti g tor trial D ­ Top work on hardy stock Zone Zone Zone emw _A__B_ _0_ Haralson Yeager's Sweet Red Duchess Charlsmo!! R R R R R R R R R R R R Minjon Prairie Spy Fireside Redwell D D D D D D D D lealthy ibern 1­R T or D T or R R R D Custer Stevens T T T T T T Beacon Mantet R R T R T R eCRABAPPLES Kortol R R R Florence R R R Erickson Oriole R R R T R T Dolgo· ed River R R R R R R Zone Zone Zone _ A_ ....lL.- ...L Zone Zon e Zone_A__B___C_ Whitney Chestnut Cranberry Prairie Gold -He art River Rescue Trail R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R • (A l l s tone fru it s bear better i s anot he r var i et y is grown nearby as a polleni ze r s , RASPBE RIES Chief (red ) R R R Ruddy (purple) R R R La t ham (r ed) T T T• PEARS Dur ham (red ever- T T T -T it - Dropmore R R R be ring) Golden Spice T (Al l Durbam canes s han d be . cut gr ound each s pring. Depe nd on • PL MS 	 fall c r op ),-;cums e h R R R Underwood R R R SOl1 t h Da kota,  • STRAWB ERRIES pollenat or R R R Gem (ever bearer! R R R Waneta R R R Evermore (eve r bearer) R R R Redc oat R R R Pr o~ ress ive (everbear er)R R R Pemb· Da R R R Dunl ap (June bearer ) R R R Rad i sson R R Pr emier (June bearer! T T Fi bing T T T La Crescent T T T • CURRANTS Grenville 	 T T T Red Lake R R R Cascade R R R• CHERRY-PLUMS Oliata R R R • GOOSEBERRIESDura R R R Pixwell R R RCompass, pollenizers R R R Sapalta R T T • GRAPESHeaver T T T Alpha R R R Beta R R R • 	 SANDCHERRIES Blue Jay R R R Brooks Blue Bell R TR R R R R RSioux Moonbeam T Hansen Bush Cherries R R R Red Amber T North Dakota Wll • 	 QHERRIES (whitel T T T Meteor (sour! T (sour) 	 • VALUABLE NATIVE FRUITSNorth Star T Drilea (Nanking) R R T Juneberry R R 1\ Orient (Nanking) R R T Missouri Currant R R R 'Wild Plum R R R • APRICOTS 	 Buffalo Berry R R R Scout 	 (use seedling High Bush Cranberry R R R apr icots as pollenizers) T T T ·Recorrmended as desirable stock for topwarking Prepared by It arry Graves Extension orticultuTist Dr. J. D. Schult., Chairman Department of hort i culture, NDAC in	 tUIt nee of Ac t s of Congress lay 8 ann June 30 

Fruit Varieties for North Dakota

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Fruit Varieties for North Dakota

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