Submarine volcanic eruptions are major catastrophic events that allow investigation of the colonization mechanisms of newly
formed seabed. We explored the seafloor after the eruption of the Tagoro submarine volcano off El Hierro Island, Canary
Archipelago. Near the summit of the volcanic cone, at about 130 m depth, we found massive mats of long, white filaments that we
named Venus’s hair. Microscopic and molecular analyses revealed that these filaments are made of bacterial trichomes enveloped
within a sheath and colonized by epibiotic bacteria. Metagenomic analyses of the filaments identified a new genus and species
of the order Thiotrichales, Thiolava veneris. Venus’s hair shows an unprecedented array of metabolic pathways, spanning from
the exploitation of organic and inorganic carbon released by volcanic degassing to the uptake of sulfur and nitrogen compounds.
This unique metabolic plasticity provides key competitive advantages for the colonization of the new habitat created by the submarine eruption. A specialized and highly diverse food web thrives on the complex three-dimensional habitat formed by these
microorganisms, providing evidence that Venus’s hair can drive the restart of biological systems after submarine volcanic eruption