Bacchetta G.

Del Vais C.

Grillo O.

Sanna I.

Sarigu M.

Ucchesu M.

English

Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Cagliari

17th Conference of the International Work Group for Palaeoethnobotany  Paris, France Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Jardin des Plantes July 4-9, 2016   Organising committee Charlène Bouchaud, Vladimir Dabrowski, Brigitte David, Alexia Decaix, Marie Derreumaux, Carolyne Douché, Müge Ergun, Anne-Cécile Haussonne, Michel Lemoine, Myriam Meziou,  Andréa Parès, Bénédicte Pradat, Jérôme Ros, Marie-Pierre Ruas, Aurélie Salavert, Margareta Tengberg, Françoise Toulemonde, Véronique Zech Matterne     IWGP committee Monika Badura, Felix Bittmann, Amy Bogaard, Otto Brinkkemper, Ramon Buxo, Dorian Fuller, Peter H. Mikkelsen, Naomi Miller, Klaus Oeggl, Leonor Peña-Choccaro,  Anaya Sarpaki, Margareta Tengberg, Ehud Weiss         ABSTRACTS: LECTURES and POSTERS  LIST OF PARTICIPANTS  ABSTRACTSLECTURESRésumésCommunicationsPOSESRésuésPosterstudies and archaeological data show an intensive cultivationof grapevines, fig and olive trees in the Roman Empire. InMediterranean France, the chronology of these changes is stillunder scrutiny due to the uneven distribution of information,most particularly concerning the Provence region. Archaeo-logical excavations suggest regional specializations; the pro-duction of olive oil seems to be locally important in Provencewhile wine producing is repeatedly attested in the Languedoc.This archaeobotanical synthesis assembles published data andnew results. Recent and ongoing analysis of waterlogged con-texts (for example: harbour dumps and wells) allows us to reg-ister a wider spectrum of economic plants (both cultivated andwild) and to draw a new appraisal on economical plants dur-ing this period. It provides new insights on consumption, plantprocessing and local cultivation, especially for condiments,fruits such as grapevine, olive, walnut, umbrella pine, andexotic goods acquired from trade. The diversity of contextsstudied (urban, rural, funerary, ritual etc.) makes it sometimespossible to assess the social, cultural and symbolic status ofplants and their uses. We notice that the presence of importedexotic foods highlights particular uses (funeral symbolism andhigh social distinction) linked to the status of site.Keywords: Antiquity, Southern France, Diffusion, Trade, EconomicplantsIdentification of Prunus domestica L. endocarps from aPhoenician-Punic context (5th - 2nd century BC) byimage analysisIdentification d’endocarpes de Prunus domestica L. encontexte phénico-punique (Ve s.-IIe s. av. J.-C.) par l’analysed’imagesMariano Ucchesu1, Marco Sarigu1, Carla Del Vais2, IgnazioSanna3, Oscar Grillo1, Gianluigi Bacchetta11 Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vitae dell’Ambiente (DISVA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari – Italy2 Dipartimento di Storia, Beni Culturali e Territorio, Cagliari – Italy3 Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici per le province di Cagliari e Oristano,Cagliari – ItalyDuring the archaeological excavation in the Phoenician-Punic settlement of Santa Giusta (Oristano, Sardinia), dated tothe 5th - 2nd century BC, several Prunus spp. endocarps wererecovered. The exceptional state of preservation of the wa-terlogged remains allowed us to perform morphological andmorphometric analysis by computer vision. Digital images,were acquired with a flatbed scanner and processed and anal-ysed using the open source image analysis software ImageJ v.1.49. The morphometric parameters were obtained through aspecific plugin able to measure 26 morphometric features and80 Elliptic Fourier Descriptors (EFDs). Applying the stepwiseLinear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), a morphological com-parison among the archaeological endocarps of Prunus and themodern one collected in Sardinia was performed. These analy-ses allowed to identify 53 and 11 endocarps of Prunus spinosaand Prunus domestica, respectively. The results showed thatthe archaeological endocarps of P. spinosa have morphomet-ric similarities in the 92.5% of the cases with P. spinosa thatat present grow near the Phoenician-Punic settlement of SantaGiusta. In addition, the archaeological endocarps identifiedas P. domestica showed similarity with the modern variety ofplum so-called Sanguigna di Bosa actually cultivated in thevillage of Bosa (Oristano). In this case, the correct classi-fication has been 81.8%. These results, as far as we know,provide the first evidence of P. domestica in Sardinia duringthe Phoenician-Punic period. Moreover, these archaeologicalremains represents the early evidence of P. domestica in theWestern Mediterranean Basin.Keywords: Archaeological fruit stones, Archaeobotany, Endocarpimage analysis, Prunus spinosa, Prunus domestica, SardiniaCorrect identification of archaeological grape seeds bycomputer vision: support for archaeobotanical studyIdentification exacte de pépins de raisins archéologiques parordinateur : aide à l’analyse archéobotaniqueMariano Ucchesu1, Martino Orrù1, Oscar Grillo1,Gianfranco Venora2, Gianluigi Bacchetta11 Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vitae dell’Ambiente (DISVA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari – Italy2 Stazione Consorziale Sperimentale di Granicoltura per la Sicilia, Caltagirone– ItalyThe identification of archaeological charred grape seeds is adifficult task due to the alteration of the morphological seedsshape. In archaeobotanical studies, the correct discrimina-tion between Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris and Vitis viniferasubsp. vinifera grape seeds is very important to understandthe history and origin of the domesticated grapevine. In thiswork, different carbonisation experiments were carried out us-ing a hearth to reproduce the same burning conditions occur-ring in archaeological contexts. In addition, several carboni-sation trials on modern wild and cultivated grape seeds wereperformed using a muffle furnace. In order to implement mor-phological comparison with archaeological materials, moderngrape seed samples were treated applying seven different tem-peratures of carbonisation, ranging between 180 and 340 Cfor 120 min. Analysing the grape seed size and shape bycomputer vision techniques, and applying the stepwise Lin-ear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) method, it was possible todiscriminate between the wild from and the cultivated charredgrape seeds. An overall correct classification of 93.3% wasachieved.Applying the same statistical procedure to comparemodern charred with archaeological grape seeds, found in Sar-dinia and dating back to the Early Bronze Age (2017–1751 2σcal. BC), the 75.0% of the cases have been identified as wildgrape. The proposed method proved to be an useful and ef-fective tool for the identification of charred grape seeds foundin archaeological sites. Moreover, it may be considered validsupport for advances in the knowledge and comprehension ofviticulture adoption and the grape domestication process. Thesame methodology may also be successful when applied toother plant remains, providing important information aboutthe history of domesticated plants.Keywords: Carbonisation experiment, Grape seeds identification,Image analysis, Seed remains, Vitis viniferaTraditional wheat cultivation: the case of east AnatoliaCulture traditionnelle de blé : le cas de l’Anatolie orientale72Material and Methods[IDENTIFICATION OF PRUNUS DOMESTICA L. ENDOCARPS FROM APHOENICIAN-PUNIC CONTEXT (5TH - 2ND CENTURY BC) BY IMAGE ANALYSISMarco Sarigu1[Mariano Ucchesu1 Carla Del Vais2 Ignazio Sanna3 Oscar Grillo1 Gianluigi Bacchetta1[ [ [ [ [1 Banca del Germoplasma della Sardegna (BG-SAR), Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi, 9-11, 09123, Cagliari, Italymarianoucchesu@gmail.com, msarigu@unica.it, oscar.grillo.mail@gmail.com, bacchet@unica.it2 Dipartimento di Storia, Beni Culturali e Territorio, Piazza Arsenale 1, Cittadella dei musei, 09124 Cagliari, Italy cdelvais@unica.it3 Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici per le province di Cagliari e Oristano, Piazza Indipendenza 7, 09124 Cagliari, Italy ignazio.sanna@beniculturali.itArchaeological context of Santa GiustaArchaeological samples: 64 waterlogged endocarps of Prunus (PRU_SG).Acquiring source: Flatbed scanner (Epson Perfection V550)Images: Black / White backgroundResolution: 400 dpiFrame: 1024×1024 pixels (Bacchetta et al. 2008).Software: ImageJ v. 1.49 (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij)Plugin: Particles8 (Landini 2006)Features: 26 endocarp morphometric features; 80 Elliptic Fourier Descriptors(EFDs);Statistical Analysis: Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), SPSS version 16.Digital Imaging Analysis Modern samples: P. spinosa modern samples from 11 different localities ofSardinia; P. domestica modern endocarps referring to 22 traditional Sardinianvarieties from the field catalog of CNR-ISPA (Nuraxinieddu, OR-Sardinia). P.domestica subsp. insititia modern samples from BG-SAR.Image analysis techniques represent a more accurate reliable and repeatable alternative to distinguish wild species from cultivated ones. In this work we present the resultsobtained by computer vision techniques applied on Prunus L. archaeological endocarps from the waterlogged Phoenician-Punic settlement of Santa Giusta (Oristano, Sardinia)dated to the 5th - 2nd century BC. The main goals are to identify and characterize Prunus remains from this archaeological context in order to investigate the domestication levelof these waterlogged remains and explore the possible relationships among archaeological remains, local cultivated plums and wild populations present today in Sardinia.Thanks to new computer vision technologies applied to plant biology, it waspossible to distinguish wild species from cultivated ones also in thearchaeobotanical field (Terral et al. 2010; Bouby et al. 2013; Orrù et al. 2013; Sabatoet al. 2014; Ucchesu et al. 2014, 2016; Pagnoux et al. 2015). This study confirmingthe validity of this approach also for the Prunus endocarps and it can be concludedthat:Sanguigna di Bosa is a traditionalvariety actually little cultivated in theterritory of Bosa (northwest Sardinia).ReferencesIntroductionThe Phoenician-Punic settlement of Santa Giusta is located in the central-west partof Sardinia. The site is a waterlogged context and has been subjected toexcavation since 2006 by University of Cagliari and Soprintendenza Archeologicadella Sardegna.The underwater excavation allowed to recover several amphorae dating back tothe 5th - 2nd century BC (Del Vais and Sanna 2009).Inside several amphorae and sediments, different materials were found, includinganimal bones and macro plant remains who were preserved in excellent conditionthanks to the anaerobic conditions. Introduction of primitive cultivated forms of plums in Sardinia have beenstarted by the Phoenicians people; These endocarps represent the first cultivated plums findings in Sardinia.Bacchetta G, Grillo O, Mattana E, Venora G (2008) Morpho-colorimetric characterization by image analysis to identify diaspores of wild plantspecies. Flora 203: 669-682.Bouby L, Figueiral I, Bouchette A, Rovira N, Ivorra S, Lacombe T, Pastor T, Picq S, Marinval P, Terral J (2013) Bioarchaeological insights into theprocess of domestication of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) during Roman times in Southern France. PLoS One 8: e63195.Del Vais C, Sanna I (2009) Ricerche su contesti sommersi di età fenicia e punica nella laguna di Santa Giusta (OR). Campagne 2005-2007. StudiSardi, 34: 123-149Orrù M, Grillo O, Lovicu G, Venora G, Bacchetta G (2013) Morphological characterization of Vitis vinifera L. seeds by image analysis andcomparison with archaeological remains. Veg Hist Archaeobot 22: 231-242.Pagnoux C, Bouby L, Ivorra S, Petit C, Valamoti SM, Pastor T, Picq S, Terral JF (2015) Inferring the agrobiodiversity of Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine)in ancient Greece by comparative shape analysis of archaeological and modern seeds. Veg Hist Archaeobot 24: 75-84.Sabato D, Masi A, Pepe C, Ucchesu M, Peña-Chocarro L, Usai A, Giachi G, Capretti C, Bacchetta G (2015) Archaeobotanical analysis of a BronzeAge well from Sardinia: a wealth of knowledge. Plant Biosyst 1: 205-215.Terral JF, Tabard E, Bouby L, Ivorra S, Pastor T, Figueiral I, Picq S, Chevance JB, Jung C, Fabre L, Tardy C, Compan M, Bacilieri R, Lacombe T, ThisP (2010) Evolution and history of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) under domestication: new morphometric perspectives to understand seeddomestication syndrome and reveal origins of ancient European cultivars. Ann Bot 105: 443-455.Ucchesu M, Orrù M, Grillo O, Venora G, Usai A, Serreli P, Bacchetta G (2014) Earliest evidence of a primitive cultivar of Vitis vinifera L. during theBronze Age in Sardinia (Italy). Veg Hist Archaeobot 24: 587-600.Ucchesu M, Orrù M, Grillo O, Venora G, Paglietti G, Ardu A, Bacchetta G (2016) Predictive Method for Correct Identification of ArchaeologicalCharred Grape Seeds: Support for Advances in Knowledge of Grape Domestication Process. PloS one, 11(2), e0149814.[[[P. domestica P. spinosaP. domestica  subsp. insititiaTotalP. domestica 99.9 (1,661) 0.1 (2) - 100.0 (1,663)P. spinosa - 100.0 (984) - 100.0 (984)P. domestica  subsp. insititia12.0 (24) - 82.0 (110) 100.0 (134)Pru_SG 17.0 (11) 83.0 (53) - 100.0 (64)Overall 94,0  % (2,845)Discussion[[Results53 Prunus remains were classified as P. spinosa and were similar to the Monte Arci(MRC) population in the 90.6% of the cases, while the other 11 classified as P.domestica showed main similarities with the variety Sanguigna di Bosa (SBO) inthe 81.8% of the cases.Comparison between the archaeological endocarps of Prunus and the modern oneThe authors wish to thank all the staff of Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici per le Province di Cagliari e Oristano for assistanceand for allowing us the use of archaeological material. We wish to acknowledge Giuseppe Rosas, Liberato Fara and all the staff of theCNR-ISPA (Nuraxinieddu, OR-Sardinia) for technical assistance during the samples collection.AcknowledgmentsParameter Description Perim Perimeter, calculated from the centres of the boundary pixels Area Area inside the polygon defined by the perimeter Pixels Number of pixels forming the endocarp image MinR Radius of the inscribed circle centred at the middle of mass MaxR Radius of the enclosing circle centred at the middle of mass Feret Largest axis length Breadth Largest axis perpendicular to the Feret  CHull Convex hull or convex polygon calculated from pixel centres CArea Area of the convex hull polygon MBCRadius Radius of the minimal bounding circle AspRatio Aspect ratio = Feret/Breadth Circ Circularity = 4·π·Area/Perimeter2 Roundness Roundness = 4·Area/(π·Feret2) ArEquivD Area equivalent diameter = √((4/π)·Area) PerEquivD Perimeter equivalent diameter = Area/π EquivEllAr Equivalent ellipse area = (π·Feret·Breadth)/4 Compactness Compactness = √((4/π)·Area)/Feret Solidity Solidity = Area/Convex_Area Concavity Concavity = Convex_Area-Area Convexity Convexity = Convex_hull/Perimeter Shape Shape = Perimeter2/Area RFactor RFactor = Convex_Hull /(Feret·π) ModRatio Modification ratio = (2·MinR)/Feret Sphericity Sphericity = MinR/MaxR ArBBox Area of the bounding box along the feret diameter = Feret·Breadth Rectang Rectangularity = Area/ArBBox 

Identification of Prunus domestica L. endocarps from a Phoenician-Punic context (5th - 2nd century BC) by image analysis.

https://iris.unica.it/bitstream/11584/241990/1/IWGP%20Prunus.pdf

Identification of Prunus domestica L. endocarps from a Phoenician-Punic context (5th - 2nd century BC) by image analysis.

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