Reports by Grant-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Survey1987 Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Survey) Reports of Research Project (Number of Project 1986: 61041045, 1987: 62043042)Phylogenetic Studies of South American MonkeysHead Investigator 1986, 1987: Kyoto University, Primate Research Institutc, Associate Professor, Yasuo NOGAM

Alberto, Cadena G.

Nogami, Yasuo

Kyoto University Research Information Repository

Title Fine Structure of the Dental Enamal in the Order Chiropterafrom Colombia, South AmericaAuthor(s)Alberto, Cadena G.; Nogami, YasuoCitationKyoto University overseas research reports of new worldmonkeys (1988), 6: 37-44Issue Date1988URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199632RightType ArticleTextversionpublisherKyoto UniversityFine Structure of the Dental Enamal in the Order Chiroptera from Colombiaラ SouthAmerica ABSTRACT Alberto CADENA G. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional, Colombia and Yasuo NOGAMI Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan 百iedental enamel of bats was tentatively examined, mainly based on the living materials from Colombia, South America.百四 materialsshow primitive state of “nonserial”pattern, so far as examined. They are, however, changed exceedingly in thickness, likely fit for eating habits. INTRODUCTION Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, has sent several expeditions to South Amenca since the fiscal year of 1976. Especially in Colombia, the geological and paleontological surveys were carried in close cooperation with National Institute of Geology and Mining, as well as with National University of Colombia, and resulted in obtainiI1g many teeth of primates, bats、rodents and others from the middle Miocene Honda Formation.官iesefossils have been intensively studied and successively pubiished in international journals. 百ieteeth of living bats have been morphologically examined, in immadiate connection with those of fossil bats.百四 dentalenamel and its fine structure have been tested, in order to deduce phylogenic, taxonomical and ecological aspects of the fossils obtained. The results will be tentatively discussed in this report. MATERIALS AND METHODS 百iedental enamel of the living bats obtained in Colombia was tentatively examined. Nomenclature and classification follow Koo PM AN (1984 ).The Family Phyllostomidae are represented by five subfamilies in Colombia. Each subfamily was stood by a typical speciesぅsofas as possible: the Subfamily Phyllostominae by Phyllostomus hastatus, Glossophaginae by Glossophaga soricina, Carollinae by Carollia perspicillata, Stenoderminae by Artibeus lituratus as well as by Sturnira lilium, Desmodontinae by Desmodus rotundus. Other families were also based on a typical species: the Family Emballonuridae on Saccopteryx bilineataぅNoctilionidaeon Noctilio albiventris, Mormoopidae on Mormoops megalophylla, Natalidae on Natalus tumidirostris, Thyropteridae on Thyroptera tricolor, Vespertilionidae on Eptesicus fuscus, Molossidae on Molossus molossus. For comparison, Pteropusνσmpyrus was selected from the Family Pteropodidae belonging to the Suborder Megachiroptera. All teeth of Artibeus lituratus were examined, and a lower first incisor, lower second incisor and lower canine of Pteropus vampyrus were tested for comparison, but concerning other spe-cies an upper canine was limited. Almost al teeth were labio-lingually cut through the tip and pulp cavity, as accurately in orientation as possible, and only a few mesio・distallythrough the paracone and metacone.百iecut surface of tooth was carefully polished by fine alumina and diamond paste, slightly etched by diluted hydrochloric acid, coated with gold for scanning electronic microscopy. The materials obtained and examined in this work are listed in Table 1. 37 心中αコTable 1. List of materials obtained and examined Classification Microchiroptera Phyllostomidae Phyllostominae Glossophaginae Carollinae Stenodermmae Stenoderminae Stenoderminae Desmodontinae Em ballonuridae Noctilionidae Mormoopidae Natalidae Natalidae Thyorpteridae Vespertilionidae Molossidae Pteropodidae Magachi.roptera Enamel rather thick very thin mo d巴rate rather thick rather thick moderate rudimentary rather thick rather thick very thin rather thick rather thick very thin rather thick moderate rather thick Figure Fig. 1 Fig. 2 D Fig. 2 B, C Fig. 3 B Fig. 3 A Fig. 3 C Fig. 3 E Fig. 4 A Fig. 4 B Fig. 4 C田EFig. 2 A Fig回 3DFig. 2 E Teeth c c c f可¥_, al teeth c c c c c 仁c （~ c c 12 c Reg. No 6970 5944 7676 2205 0042 5317 6683 5872 6936 2293 8650 9065 7724 4505 8535 0945 ?????????? ?????????，??，?，?????，??『??? ???? ?? ???????Species Phyllostonms hastatus Glossophage soricina Carollia perspici!l.αta Artibeus lituratus Artibeus lituratus Srurnira !ilium Desmodus rotundus Sαccopteryx billin巴αtaNoctilioαlbiventris Mormoops megalophylla N.αtalus tumidirostris Natalus twnidirostris 官1yropteratricolor Eptesicus fuscus Molossus mo!ossus Pteorpus vampyrus I: incisor; C: canine; under line: lower; over line: upper; ICN: instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional, Colombia; PRI: Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University Figure 1 Parts of the dental enamel in sections through teeth of Artibeus lituratus. Tip and root situated upward and downward, respectively; d:dentin; s: surface of tooth; al x about 300. A. Labial side in labio-lingual section through upper first incisor; B.Labial side in labio-lingual section through upper canine; C. Labial side of the paracone in mesio-distal section through upper fourth premolar; D. Labial side of the paracone in mesio-distal section through upper second molar; E.Labial side in labio-lingual section through lower canine; F.Labial side of the paracone in mesio・distalsection through lower fourth premolar. 39 40 Figure 2 Parts of the dental enamel in labio-lingual sections through upper canine. Tip and root situated upward and downward, respectively; d: dentin; s: surface of tooth; al x about 1,000. A. Phyllostomus hastatus, labial side; B and C. Desmodus rotundus, lingual side and labial, respectively; D. Sturnirα!ilium, labial side; E.Carollia perspicillata, labial side. Figure 3. Parts of the dental enamel in labio-lingual sections through upper canine. Tip and root situated upward and downward, respectively; d: dentin; s: surface of tooth; al ×about 1,000. A. Noctilio albiventris, labial side; B. Saccopteryx bilineata, lingual side; C. Mormoopus megalophylla, labial side; D. Glossophaga soricina, lingual side; E. Thyroptera tricolor, lingual side. 41 42 Figure 4. Parts of the dental enamel in labia-lingual sections. Tip and root of tooth situated upward and downward, respectively; d: dentin; s: surface of tooth. A. Eptesicus fuscus, upper canine, labial side，× about 1,000; B. Molossus molossus, upper canine, labial side, x about 1,000; C to E. Pteropus vampyrus, labial side through lower first incisor, labial and lingual side through lower canine, respectively; al ×about 300. OBSERVATIONS Artibeus lituratus (OLFERS, 1818), Fig. 1 A to 1 F Based on many sections through al teeth from an individual, and also on section through upper canine from another. Labial sides near tip of upper first incisor, canine, fourth premolar, second molar, lower canine and fourth premolar illustrated partly. Enamel rather thick to moderate at both labial anf lingual sides. Prism rods almost straight to slightly convex toward tip, regularly arranged in labio-lingual plane, and not folded in mesio・distaldirection at al. Accordingly『 anyconspicuous minor structure is not observed throughout the length and width of both labial and lingual enamel. As shown in Fig. 1, no essential difference is confirmed among al teeth, so far as the minor structure of the enamel is concerned.百1erefore,other species were represented by a single upper canine, except for some special cases. Phyllostomus hσstatus (PALLAS, 1767), Fig. 2 A Labial side illustrated partly. Enamel rather thick to moderate at both labial and lingual sides. Enamel rods almost vertical to enamel-dentin junction, slightly folded in labio-lingual plane, but fairly zigzaged near tip. Accordinglyヲ atlower magnification of microscope the enamel is to be observedヲasif it were partly provided with SCHREGER's bands Glossophaga soricina (PALLAS, 1766), Fig. 3 D Lingual side illustrated partly. Enamel very thin at both sides. Enamel rods straight and regularly inclined toward tip. No characteristic minor structure observed throughout the length and width of both sides of enamel. Carollia perspicillata (LINNAEUS, 1758), Fig. 2 E Labial side illustrated partly. Enamel thickness moderate at labial side, and moderate to thm at lingual side. Enamel rods almost straight, rather strongly inclined toward tip, and not twisted in both labio-lingual and mesio・distaldirections. No conspicuous minor structure present Sturnira !ilium (E. GEOFFROY' 1810), Fig. 2 D Labiai side illustrated partly. Enamel thickness moderate at both labial and lingual sides. Enamel rods almost straight and vertical to enamel-dentin junctionぅshowingthe most simple "nonserial'' pattern. Desmodus rotundus (E. GEOFFROY, 1810), Fig. 2 Band C Labial and lingual sides illustrated partly. Enamel only rudimentarily present at both sides. Saccopteryx bilineata (TEMMINICK, 1838), Fig. 3 B Lingual side illustrated partly. Enamel rather thick to moderate at both sides. Enamel rods almost straight, vertical to enamel-dentin junction to slightly inclined toward tip、andnot folded in labia-lingual and misio・distaldirections Noctilio albiventris DESMARESTラ1818,Fig. 3 A Labial side illustrated partly. Enamel rather thick to moderate at both sides. Enamel rods almost vertical to enamel-dentin junction to fairly inclined toward tip, and rarely folded in labio-lingual and mesio・distaldirections. Mom Labial side illustrated partly. Enamel very thin at both sides. Enamel rods straight and regularly inclined toward tip. No conspicuous minor structure present at al Na talus tumidirostris MILLER, 1900 Represented by two labio-lingual sections through upper canines from two individuals. Enamel rather thick to moderate at both sides Eptesicus fuscus (BEAUVOIS, 1796）ラ Fig.4 A Labial side illustrated partly. Enamel rather thick to moderate at both sides. Enamel rods almost straight, more or less inclined toward tip, and not folded at al. Molossus molqssus E. GEOFFROY, 1855, Fig. 4 B Lingual side illustrated partly. Enamel moderate to thin at both sides. Enamel rods almost 43 44 straight, more or less inclined toward tip, and not folded at al. Pteropus vampyrus (LINNAEUS, 1758), Fig. 4 C toE Eased on three labio-lingual sections through lower first incisor, second incisor and canine from an indvidual. Enamel rods almost straight to slightly convex toward tip『 moreor les inclined toward tip to nearly vertical to enamel-dentin junction, and scarcely folded in labio-lingual and mesio・distaldirections. Accordingly, no conspicuous minor structure observed throughout the length and width of both sides. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION All materials examined are classified into three groups, concerning the developed degree of the enamel. Phyllostomus hasta似s,Carollia perspicillata, Artibeus lituratus, Sturnira /ilium, Saccopteryx bilineata, Noctilio albiventris, Natalus tumidirostris, Eptesicus fuscus, Molossus molossus as well as Pteropus vampyrus are belonging to the first group, in which the canine is more or les round in cross section, and provided with rather thick to moderate enamel at both labial and lingual sides. Glossophaga soricina, Mormoops megalophylla and Thyroptera tricolor are belonging to the second group, in which the canine is rnesio・distallycompressed, and provided with very thin enamel at both sides. On the other hand, Desmodus rotundus is so remarkably specialized that the canine is strongly compressed rnesio-distally, and that the enamel of the canine is only rudirnentarily retained at both sides. Accordinglyラtheneck of the canine is not swollen at al. 古田sefeatures might be reflected by feeding habits, as mentioned later. In the first group, Phyllostomus hastatus and Noctilio albiventris are slightly different from other species. The enamel of both named species is a litle thicker than that of other species. 百四 enamelrods of both species are faint folded in the labia-lingual plane, as well as in the rnesio・distaldirectionラasshown in Fig. 2 A and Fig. 3 A. While those of other species are more or less strongly inclined, or weakly convex toward the tip, but not folded at al.百lesedif-ferences seem to be effected by the thickness of the enamel. 百1eFamily Phyllostmidae are widely diversified in general characters and habits. The enamel of the canine is also variable from one extreme to another, so far as examined. An insectivorous species, Phyllostomus hastatus, has relativelt thick enamel, of which the rods are faint folded, especially near the tip. Carollia nerspicillata, Artibeus lituratus and Sturnira !ilium are mainly frugivorous. They have rather thick to moderate enamel at both labial and lingual sides, and the the rods remain stil as the most simple state of the “nonserial”pattern. Glossophaga soricina is nectivorous and has very thin enamel at both sides, of which the rods are regularly inclined toward the tip and not folded at al, asshown in Fig. 3 D. According to some specialists, the enamel of a sanguivorous bat, Desmodus rotundus, is extremely thin at the labial side, but perfectly lost at the lingual side. Fig. 2 B shows clearly, however, the presence of the enamel, althogh the labiかlingualsection through the canine was slightly etched by diluted hydrochloric acid. 20 to 50 micron thick enamel could not be usually confirmed by normal binocular microscope, because of its transparency. In the near future, another canine will be examined in detail, being embedded in plastic material prior to the treatment adapted in this work. REFERENCES HONACKI, J. H., K. E. KINMAN, & J. W. KOEPPL, 1982. Mammalian Species of the World. Assoc. Syst. Collections, Lawrence, pp. ix+ 694. KOOPMAN, K. F., 1984. Bats. In: Orders and Families of Recent Mammals of the World. S. ANDERSON & J. K. JONES, Jr. (eds.), John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 145・186.

Fine Structure of the Dental Enamal in the Order Chiroptera from Colombia, South America

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Fine Structure of the Dental Enamal in the Order Chiroptera from Colombia, South America

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