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Extensive comparison of forest runoff water chemistry

Abstract

森林流出水の調査を冷温帯から亜熱帯にかけて, 計6地域13集水域において行った。森林流出水の水質について, Cl_-は海洋に近いほど, そして林冠が閉鎖するほど渓流水中の濃度が高くなった。NO_3_-は気候条件に起因するそれぞれの森林における植物-土壌間の窒素循環システムにより渓流水中の濃度が決定される。SO_4_はNO_3_-濃度の高い地域では高濃度であるが, 同地域内の集水域で比較した場合, NO_3_-濃度の高い集水域ではSO_4_濃度が低かった。カチオン総量とアニオン総量の差として計算したHCO_3_-は, アニオン総量の大部分を占めた。その生成は土壌深部に存在する置換可能な塩基量に依存すると考えられた。そして, アニオンの移動に伴い等量分のカチオンが移動し, 森林流出水の水質が形成される。森林流出水の水質の大部分は物理化学的なプロセスにより形成されるように見えるが, 生物的要因, つまり環境条件に起因する森林生態系の物質循環機構も, 非常に重要な森林流出水の水質形成要因である。We studied the chemistry of forest runoff water from 13 watersheds in six regions of Hokkaido (cold temperate area), to Thailand (subtropical area). Runoff Cl- concentrations were higher in watershed closer to the ocean, in watershed with denser canopies. Concentration of runoff NO3- was determined by the system of mineral cycling between plants and the soil, which depends on climate conditions. Concentrations of runoff SO42- tended to be high in regions where runoff NO3- concentrations were high. However, in the intraregional comparison, concentrations of runoff SO42- were low at watershed where runoff NO3- concentrations were high. In this study, we estimated the concentration of runoff HCO3- as the difference between total cation and total anion. The estimated HCO3- occupied a large part of total anion concentration, and we concluded that it may depend on the amount of cations exchangeable by H+ in deep soil layer. Though a large part of runoff water chemistry seems to be formed by physico-chemical processes, biological processes, such as mineral cycling mechanisms in forest ecosystems defined by environmental conditions, are also very important factors in determining runoff water chemistry

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