The literature review provides information about the metabolic changes occurring during respiratory diseases in children. An attempt was made to summarize the scientific data on changes of protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in respiratory pathology in order to justify the need for a differentiated approach to the prescription of metabolic correctors, as well as to point to the need to develop the preclinical diagnostic methods for correction of the minor metabolic disorders by arresting the development of the disease. The introduction of new rehabilitation methods for patients in the acute stage of the disease will reduce the percentage of long-term forms and the chronization of inflammatory processes