Ovia, Ebikaboere

Covenant University Repository

Ovia Ebikaboere An Ethical Evaluation of Man•s Interaction with Nature Ethical Evaluation of Environment ,r.Ap~ LAMBERT ~ Academic Publishing " Ovia Ebikaboere An Ethical Evaluation of Man's Interaction with Nature Ovia Ebikaboere An Ethical Evaluation of Man•s Interaction with Nature Ethical Evaluation of Environment lAP lAMBERT Academic Publishing l m p r e s s u m / l m p r i n t  ( n u r  f u r  D e u t s c h l a n d / o n l y  f o r  G e r m a n y )  B i b l i o g r a f i s c h e  I n f o r m a t i o n  d e r  D e u t s c h e n  N a t i o n a l b i b l i o t h e k :  D i e  D e u t s c h e  N a t i o n a l b i b l i o t h e k  v e r z e i c h n e t  d i e s e  P u b l i k a t i o n  i n  d e r  D e u t s c h e n  N a t i o n a l b i b l i o g r a f i e ;  d e t a i l l i e r t e  b i b l i o g r a f i s c h e  D a t e n  s i n d  i m  I n t e r n e t  u b e r  h t t p : / / d n b . d - n b . d e  a b r u f b a r .  A i l e  i n  d i e s e m  B u c h  g e n a n n t e n  M a r k e n  u n d  P r o d u k t n a m e n  u n t e r l i e g e n  w a r e n z e i c h e n - ,  m a r k e n - o d e r  p a t e n t r e c h t l i c h e m  S c h u t z  b z w .  s i n d  W a r e n z e i c h e n  o d e r  e i n g e t r a g e n e  W a r e n z e i c h e n  d e r  j e w e i l i g e n  l n h a b e r .  D i e  W i e d e r g a b e  v o n  M a r k e n ,  P r o d u k t n a m e n ,  G e b r a u c h s n a m e n ,  H a n d e l s n a m e n ,  W a r e n b e z e i c h n u n g e n  u . s . w .  i n  d i e s e m  W e r k  b e r e c h t i g t  a u c h  o h n e  b e s o n d e r e  K e n n z e i c h n u n g  n i c h t  z u  d e r  A n n a h m e ,  d a s s  s o l c h e  N a m e n  i m  S i n n e  d e r  W a r e n z e i c h e n - u n d  M a r k e n s c h u t z g e s e t z g e b u n g  a l s  f r e i  z u  b e t r a c h t e n  w a r e n  u n d  d a h e r  v o n  j e d e r m a n n  b e n u t z t  w e r d e n  d u r f t e n .  C o v e r b i l d :  w w w . i n g i m a g e . c o m  V e r l a g :  L A P  L A M B E R T  A c a d e m i c  P u b l i s h i n g  G m b H  &  C o .  K G  H e i n r i c h - B b c k i n g - S t r .  6 - 8 ,  6 6 1 2 1  S a a r b r u c k e n ,  D e u t s c h l a n d  T e l e f o n  + 4 9  6 8 1  3 7 2 0 - 3 1 0 ,  T e l e f a x  + 4 9  6 8 1  3 7 2 0 - 3 1 0 9  E m a i l :  i n f o @ l a p - p u b l i s h i n g . c o m  A p p r o v e d  b y :  U n i v e r r s i t y  o f  L a g o s ,  A k o k a  N i g e r i a . 2 0 0 6  H e r s t e l l u n g  i n  D e u t s c h l a n d :  S c h a l t u n g s d i e n s t  L a n g e  o . H . G . ,  B e r l i n  B o o k s  o n  D e m a n d  G m b H ,  N o r d e r s t e d t  R e h a  G m b H ,  S a a r b r u c k e n  A m a z o n  D i s t r i b u t i o n  G m b H ,  L e i p z i g  I S B N :  9 7 8 - 3 - 8 4 8 4 - 1 7 5 6 - 8  I m p r i n t  ( o n l y  f o r  U S A ,  G B )  B i b l i o g r a p h i c  i n f o r m a t i o n  p u b l i s h e d  b y  t h e  D e u t s c h e  N a t i o n a l b i b l i o t h e k :  T h e  D e u t s c h e  N a t i o n a l b i b l i o t h e k  l i s t s  t h i s  p u b l i c a t i o n  i n  t h e  D e u t s c h e  N a t i o n a l b i b l i o g r a f i e ;  d e t a i l e d  b i b l i o g r a p h i c  d a t a  a r e  a v a i l a b l e  i n  t h e  I n t e r n e t  a t  h t t p : / / d n b . d - n b . d e .  A n y  b r a n d  n a m e s  a n d  p r o d u c t  n a m e s  m e n t i o n e d  i n  t h i s  b o o k  a r e  s u b j e c t  t o  t r a d e m a r k ,  b r a n d  o r  p a t e n t  p r o t e c t i o n  a n d  a r e  t r a d e m a r k s  o r  r e g i s t e r e d  t r a d e m a r k s  o f  t h e i r  r e s p e c t i v e  h o l d e r s .  T h e  u s e  o f  b r a n d  n a m e s ,  p r o d u c t  n a m e s ,  c o m m o n  n a m e s ,  t r a d e  n a m e s ,  p r o d u c t  d e s c r i p t i o n s  e t c .  e v e n  w i t h o u t  a  p a r t i c u l a r  m a r k i n g  i n  t h i s  w o r k s  i s  i n  n o  w a y  t o  b e  c o n s t r u e d  t o  m e a n  t h a t  s u c h  n a m e s  m a y  b e  r e g a r d e d  a s  u n r e s t r i c t e d  i n  r e s p e c t  o f  t r a d e m a r k  a n d  b r a n d  p r o t e c t i o n  l e g i s l a t i o n  a n d  c o u l d  t h u s  b e  u s e d  b y  a n y o n e .  C o v e r  i m a g e :  w w w . i n g i m a g e . c o m  P u b l i s h e r :  L A P  L A M B E R T  A c a d e m i c  P u b l i s h i n g  G m b H  &  C o .  K G  H e i n r i c h - B b c k i n g - S t r .  6 - 8 ,  6 6 1 2 1  S a a r b r u c k e n ,  G e r m a n y  P h o n e  + 4 9  6 8 1  3 7 2 0 - 3 1 0 ,  F a x  + 4 9  6 8 1  3 7 2 0 - 3 1 0 9  E m a i l :  i n f o @ l a p - p u b l i s h i n g . c o m  P r i n t e d  i n  t h e  U . S . A .  P r i n t e d  i n  t h e  U . K .  b y  ( s e e  l a s t  p a g e )  I S B N :  9 7 8 - 3 - 8 4 8 4 - 1 7 5 6 - 8  C o p y r i g h t  ©  2 0 1 2  b y  t h e  a u t h o r  a n d  L A P  L A M B E R T  A c a d e m i c  P u b l i s h i n g  G m b H  &  C o .  K G  a n d  l i c e n s o r s  A l l  r i g h t s  r e s e r v e d .  S a a r b r u c k e n  2 0 1 2  T h i s  w o r k  i s  d e d i c a t e d  t o  t h e  p o w e r  hek: Die Deutsche n Nationalbibliografie; nb.de abrufbar. rliegen warenzeichen-, !n oder eingetragene lrken, Produktnamen, iesem Werk berechtigt olche Namen im Sinne >etrachten waren und diothek: The Deutsche 31bibliografie; detailed subject to trademark, 1arks of their respective trade names, product :s is in no way to be !Stricted in respect of by anyone. ishing GmbH & Co. KG DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the power that pulled me out of the valley of indecision. A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S  S i n c e r e  t h a n k s  g o  t o  m y  s u p e r v i s o r s  P r o f .  J . l .  O m o r e g b e  a n d  D r .  F . N .  N d u b i s i  w h o s e  m e t i c u l o u s  s c r u t i n y  m a d e  t h i s  w o r k  p o s s i b l e .  B o t h  h a d  t h e i r  d o o r s  o p e n  f o r  m e  w h e n e v e r  t h e r e  w a s  n e e d  t o  c o n s u l t  t h e m .  O t h e r  m e m b e r s  o f  s t a f f  a l s o  p l a y e d  d e f i n i t e  p a r t s  i n  t h e  w o r k .  D r .  D . l . O .  A n e l e  w o u l d  a d v i s e  m e  t o  t a k e  i t  e a s y  w h e n  i t  s e e m e d  I  w a s  i n  a  h a s t e ,  D r .  O . M .  O g b i n a k a  a s s i s t e d  w i t h  r e l e v a n t  m a t e r i a l s ,  s k e t c h i n g  o f  t h e  c h a p t e r s ,  r e a d  s o m e  c h a p t e r s  a n d  s u g g e s t e d  c o r r e c t i o n s  b e f o r e  s u c h  e v e r  r e a c h e d  P r o f .  O m o r e g b e .  D r .  O . A .  F a l a i y e  m a d e  m a t e r i a l s  a v a i l a b l e  a n d  m a d e  m e  d o  a  r e - t h i n k  o n  t h e  s t a n d  o f  t h e  w o r k .  D r .  G . E .  A z e n a b o r  w i t h  h i s  p o i n t e d  b u t  v a l u a b l e  c o m m e n t s  m u s t  n o t  b e  f o r g o t t e n .  T h e  P ' s - A g b o r o  a n d  E g b e  m u s t  b e  t h a n k e d  f o r  a l l o w i n g  m e  t h e  u s e  o f  t h e i r  o f f i c e  d a y  a n d  n i g h t .  D r .  C . B .  O k o r o ,  y o u  m a d e  m a t e r i a l s  a v a i l a b l e  t o  m e ,  d e v o t e d  p r e c i o u s  t i m e  t o  r e a d  t h e  f i r s t  d r a f t  o f  t h e  p r o p o s a l  a n d  o f f e r e d  u s e f u l  a d v i c e  a t  d i f f e r e n t  t i m e s  o f  t h e  w o r k .  D r .  ( M r s . )  E . O .  K e h i n d e  s h a r e d  h e r  e x p e r i e n c e s  w i t h  m e  a n d  m o t i v a t e d  m e  i n  t h e  w o r k .  G o d  b l e s s  y o u  r e a l  g o o d .  D r .  J . O .  O g u n k o y a  ( D o t .  0 ) ,  y o u  a r e  a  b r o t h e r  a n d  f r i e n d  i n d e e d  f r o m  o u r  A .  L e v e l  d a y s .  T h a n k s  v e r y  m u c h .  I  m u s t  n o t  f o r g e t  t o  m e n t i o n  t h e  L a t e  T i m  M o l o k w u  a n d  C . J .  E k w e a l o r  A . K . A .  " S u n n y "  f o r  b r i n g i n g  m e  o u t  o f  m y  c o m f o r t  z o n e .  P r o f .  C . S .  M o m o h ' s  c o n s t a n t  r e s p o n s e  t o  m y  g r e e t i n g s  ( l o n g  t i m e )  s e r v e d  a s  a  c h e c k  o n  m e .  P r o f .  J i m .  I  U n a h ,  y o u  a r e  t w i c e  H . O . D .  d u r i n g  t h i s  p r o g r a m m e  w h i c h  h e l p e d  t o  m e a s u r e  m y  d u r a t i o n .  P r o f .  E . K .  O g u n d o w o l e ,  t h a n k s  f o r  t h e  m a t e r i a l s  y o u  m a d e  a v a i l a b l e  t o  m e ,  n o t  f o r g e t t i n g  y o u r  e n c o u r a g i n g  w o r d s  t o w a r d s  t h e  c o n c l u s i o n  o f  t h i s  p r o j e c t .  M y  c o - t h i n k e r s  i n c l u d e  E d w i n  E t i e y i b o ,  F a t a i ,  P . S .  O m o y e f a ,  O n i ,  A d e l a b u  ( f r o m  u n d e r g r a d u a t e  d a y s ) ,  K o m o l a f e ,  O b a w e k i ,  G i d e o n ,  " B a t o " ,  J o b i  O d e n e y e ,  I h u a h ,  E r i c  U s i f o h . ,  J e j e  ( O . S . U .  A g o - I w o y e )  a n d  t h e  L a t e  O g o m e t u .  M y  l a r g e r  f a m i l y  w h o s e  e n c o u r a g e m e n t  c a n n o t  b e  o v e r  l o o k e d  a r e  L e k e  a n d  T i t i  S o l a r i n  ( E s q . ) ,  M r .  &  M r s .  O c h e n i ,  M r .  &  M r s .  A k o h ,  P a s t o r  N d u k a ,  D . O .  A d e g b o y e g a ,  L i p e d e  O l u r i n d e ,  L a i  A b i o d u n ,  B o s e  A b i o d u n ,  " I y a  A b u l e - E g b a " ,  C h a r i t y  O n o f a ,  F e l i x  U g b o d a g a ,  C h i d i n m a  A n y a ,  C h i m e  &  C a r o l ,  T o n i a  A r e n y e k a ,  E d d y  O m o r e g b e ,  A k i n  E g b e d i n a ,  P a s t o r  S i n a ,  A n n e  E g b a d o n - E n y i n n a y a ,  S i s .  B i s o l a  ( T R E M ) ,  F u n m i  O g u n l a n a ,  P a g e  I  2  B u k k y  A i y e d u n ,  S e u n  L a j a ,  ( l b a d a n )  a n d  P a s t o r  O l a p a d e  a n  Y o u r  u p l i f t m e n t  c a n n o t  b e  f o r g  O g b e i d e ,  T u n d e  O d u w o b i  a n d  <  M y  f a m i l y  m e m b e r s  h a v e  b e e n  a n d  c h i l d r e n ,  ( W a r r i ) ,  J .  O v i a  v  M r .  &  M r s .  D a v i d  W e s e y ,  E f  W e s e y ,  T o k o n i  a n d  E b i n e p r e .  ~ a r e  u n i q u e .  S p e c i a l  t h a n k s  g o  t o  a l l  t h o s <  d i f f i c u l t  t o  r e a d .  T h e s e  i n c l u d e  T h a n k s  t o  y o u  a l l .  . e meticulous : was need to D.I.O. Anele naka assisted d corrections Jle and made but valuable Jwing me the me, devoted !rent times of ed me in the days. Thanks ealor A.K.A. spouse to my !.O.D. during hanks for the towards the mdergraduate Jeje (O.S.U. nnot be over 'astor Nduka, gba", Charity .y Omoregbe, mi Ogunlana, Page I 2 Bukky Aiyedun, Seun Laja, Pastor Samuel and sister Dupe, Sylvia Iwuagu, the Ajibades (Ibadan) and Pastor Olapade and family . Your upliftment cannot be forgotten Segin Okeowo (Geography Dept.), Drs. D. Aworawo, Mike Ogbeide, Tunde Oduwobi and Comrade J.G.N. Onyekpe all of History Dept. My family members have been very supportive in this work. Such include Mr. & Mrs. E.E. Ovia and children, (Warri) , J. Ovia who had to stand as guardian for me in the time of student unrest, Mr. & Mrs. David Wesey, Esther, Krolila, Oyindeyinfa, and Oyinbrakemi. Others are John Wesey, Tokoni and Ebinepre. My heartfelt gratitude goes to my mother Mrs. Victoria Ovia. You are unique. Special thanks go to all those who accommodated my handwriting which sometimes was difficult to read. These include the Late Joe (a very good and patient man), Joke and Tinuke. Thanks to you all. Page I 3 T A B L E  O F  C O N T E N T S  D e d i c a t i o n  A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s  T a b l e  o f  C o n t e n t s  I n t r o d u c t i o n  B a c k g r o u n d  A n a l y s i s  t o  t h e  W o r k  0 . 1  I d e n t i f i c a t i o n  o f  P r o b l e m s  0 . 2  P u r p o s e  o f  S t u d y  0 . 3  A i m  o f  S t u d y  0 . 4  O b j e c t i v e s  o f  S t u d y  0 . 5  R e s e a r c h  Q u e s t i o n s  0 . 6  T h e o r e t i c a l  F r a m e w o r k  0 . 7  O p e r a t i o n a l  D e f i n i t i o n  o f  T e r m s  U s e d  0 . 8  M e t h o d o l o g y  0 . 9  L i t e r a t u r e  R e v i e w  C h a p t e r  O n e :  P h i l o s o p h y ,  E t h i c s  a n d  E n v i r o n m e n t  P h i l o s o p h y  a n d  E n v i r o n m e n t :  T h e o r e t i c a l  U n d e r p i n n i n g s  E n v i r o n m e n t  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y :  C o n c e p t u a l  A n a l y s i s  M a n  a n d  E n v i r o n m e n t  S u m m a r y  C h a p t e r  T w o :  T h e  E a r t h ,  A n  E n d a n g e r e d  E n v i r o n m e n t  I n t r o d u c t i o n  A g r i c u l t u r e  a n d  H a b i t a t  D e g r a d a t i o n  I n d u s t r i a l  P o l l u t i o n  M u n i c i p a l  W a s t e / H u m a n  D e g r a d a t i o n  A i r  P o l l u t i o n  2  4 - 5  6  9  1 0  1 2  1 8  1 8  1 8  1 9  2 2  2 9  3 1 - 5 0  5 1  5 1  6 3  7 8  8 8  9 0  9 0  9 0  1 0 3  1 1 2  1 2 2  P a g e  I  4  A n a l y s i s  o f S o c i o - E c o n  S u m m a r y  C h a p t e r  T h r e e :  E n v i r o n m e n 1  I n t r o d u c t i o n  T h e  N o r t h e r n  N i g e r i a  T h e  N i g e r - D e l t a  ( S o u t h  G o v e r n m e n t  E n v i r o n m e  S u m m a r y  C h a p t e r  F o u r :  T h e  M o r a l  Q u  I n t r o d u c t i o n  T h e  S y m b i o t i c  R e l a t i o n  W h y  M a n  s h o u l d  b e  E n  B e t w e e n  E x p l o i t a t i o n  a 1  T o w a r d s  P o s i t i v e  U s e  o  S u m m a r y  C h a p t e r  F i v e :  E n v i r o n m e n t a  I n t r o d u c t i o n  I n t e r - R e l a t e d n e s s  o f H u ·  O p t i o n s  f o r  S u s t a i n a b l e  E n v i r o n m e n t a l  E d u c a t i o  S u m m a r y  C o n c l u s i o n  R e f e r e n c e s  A N N E X U R E  Analysis of Socio-Economic Issues 134 Summary 155 2 Chapter Three: Environment, The Nigeria Situation Introduction 157 4-5 The Northern Nigeria 157 6 The Niger-Delta (Southern Nigeria) 173 Government Environmental Policies and their Shortcomings 194 9 Summary 221 10 Chapter Four: The Moral Question and Environment 223 12 Introduction 223 18 The Symbiotic Relationship 233 18 Why Man should be Environment Friendly 235 18 Between Exploitation and Protection of the Environment 239 19 Towards Positive Use of Environment (Mutual Relationship) 246 22 Summary 253 29 31-50 Chapter Five: Environmental Education 255 Introduction 255 51 Inter-Relatedness of Human Rights, Justice and the Environment 257 51 Options for Sustainable Development 264 63 Environmental Education 272 78 Summary 279 88 Conclusion 280 References 290 ANNEXURE 302 90 90 90 103 112 122 Page I 4 Page I 5 Ovia Ebikaboere Ovia Ebikaboere read philosophy-B.SC, M.Phil and Ph.D at the university of Lagos.She specialized in Ethics. Her research areas include Situation Ethics and Environmental Ethics. Presently she lectures at Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria. 978-3-8484-1756-8 

An Ethical Evaluation of

Man's Interaction with

Nature

http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/2407/1/An%20Ethical%20Evaluation%20of%20Man%27s%20Interaction%20with%20Nature%20pgs309.pdf

An Ethical Evaluation of Man's Interaction with Nature

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